Voltammetric Determination of Genotoxic Nitro Derivatives of Fluorene and 9‐Fluorenone Using a Mercury Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode

Abstract

Voltammetric behavior of selected genotoxic nitro compounds (2-nitrofluorene, 2,7-dinitrofluorene, 2-nitro-9-fluorenone and 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone) has been investigated using direct current voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV) at a mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE). The optimum conditions have been found for their determination in a 1 : 1 mixture of methanol and aqueous Britton -Robinson buffer solution, with the limits of quantification, (LOQ), 2, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.5 mmol L À1 (DCV at m-AgSAE) and 0.2, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2 mmol L À1 (DPV at m-AgSAE) for 2-nitrofluorene, 2,7-dinitrofluorene, 2-nitro-9-fluorenone, and 2,7-dinitro-9-fluorenone, respectively. An attempt at increasing the sensitivity using AdSDPV at m-AgSAE was successful only for 2-nitrofluorene (LOQ ¼ 2 nmol L À1 ). Practical applicability of the newly developed methods was verified on direct determination of the studied compounds in drinking and river waters with LOQs~10 À7 mol L À1 for all the studied compounds.

Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic 4-nitroindane at mercury electrodes

“…Although these techniques are frequently used for identification and determination of NPAHs, less expensive polarographic and voltammetric techniques play a significant role in the nanomolar range detection of these ecologically important compounds [5,[19][20][21]. Moreover, sensitivity of voltammetric methods can be often increased by their combination with preliminary separation and preconcentration steps [22,23].…”

Voltammetric Determination of Trace Amounts of 2‐Aminofluoren‐9‐one at a Mercury Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode

“…The obtained results were compared with those measured by UV spectrophotometry and fluorimetry and, furthermore, the practical applicability of the newly developed voltammetric methods was verified on the direct determination of 2‐AFN in model samples of drinking and river water. This work is connected with our previous papers dealing with voltammetric determination of FN 29 and nitro derivatives of FN 30, 31 at the m‐AgSAE.…”

Electroanalysis of Nitro and Amino Derivatives of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…Polarographic or voltammetric behavior, very similar to that described above, have been observed for some NPAHs at different types of electrode materials enabling the nitro reduction, e.g., at mercury electrodes [115,[119][120][121], silver amalgam based electrodes [122][123][124], carbon based electrodes [125] or boron-doped diamond film electrode (BDDFE) [126]. Dinitro-substituted NPAHs such as dinitronaphthalenes or dinitrofluorenes give usually rise to two, more or less split, four-electron waves/peaks in the protic media [113,121].…”

“…Only a few papers deal with the use of AdSV at a mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE) [123,129], whose surface is very similar to the atomically smooth surface of the mercury drop in HMDE [131][132][133]. Although AdSV belongs to the most sensitive and frequently used analytical methods, its use in environmental analysis is limited because it is less robust and more prone to interferences from surface active substances and other compounds likely to be present in environmental matrices.…”