Voltammetric Determination of Clozapine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids Using an In Situ Surfactant‐Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode

Abstract

A carbon ionic liquid electrode modified in situ with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) was developed for the determination of clozapine (CLZ). These studies revealed that the oxidation of CLZ is facilitated at an in situ surfactantmodified carbon ionic liquid electrode (ISS-CILE). After optimization of analytical conditions, the peak currents for CLZ were found to vary linearly with its concentrations in the range of 1 10 À9 -1 10 À7 mol L À1 with a slope of 2.18 mA/mmol L À1 . The LOD and LOQ of the electrode were 2.08 10 À10 mol L À1 and 6.95 10 À10 mol L À1, respectively. The proposed method was employed for the determination of CLZ in pharmaceutical formulations, blood serum and plasma samples without any pretreatment steps.

Hematite Nanoparticles/Ionic Liquid Crystal/Graphene–Based Nanocomposite Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Determination of Antipsychotic Drug

“…Worldwide intense research activity in the field of ionic liquids is presently going on. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Aligned samples of ionic liquid crystals show pronounced anisotropic ion conduction and are of interest as low-dimensional ion-conductive materials. 37 Electrochemical sensors based on ionic liquid crystal modified carbon paste electrode were introduced for the sensitive determination of Enoxacin antibacterial drug, 38 benazepril hydrochloride antihypertensive drug 39 and neurotransmitters.…”

Direct electrochemical detection of clozapine by RuO2 nanoparticles-modified screen-printed electrode

“…The techniques consist of spectrophotometry, 3 capillary zone electrophoresis, 4 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, 5 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 6 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 7 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 8 and electrochemistry. [9][10][11] Researchers further explored the electrochemical procedures because of benets such as quicker responses, inexpensive instruments, easy preparation, cost-effectiveness, higher sensitivity, and good selectivity and stability. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In addition, the screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) enjoy highly available and disposable electrochemical sensors, simplied operations and have non-poisonous features.…”

Nickel oxide nanoparticles/ionic liquid crystal modified carbon composite electrode for determination of neurotransmitters and paracetamol

“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The electrochemical behavior of electroactive molecules, such as clozapine, adenine, guanine, nitrite, dopamine, ascorbic acid and DNA, were also investigated using IL modified electrodes. [31][32][33][34][35][36] Combining the unique properties of ionic liquids and liquid crystals is realized in ionic liquid crystals (ILCs). These materials are anisotropic in nature that allows control of thermal behavior through ion exchange.…”