Voltammetric determination of 4-nitrophenol using a modified carbon paste electrode based on a new synthetic crown ether/silver nanoparticles

Highly sensitive p-nitrophenol determination employing a new sensor based on N-Methylphenazonium methyl sulfate and graphene: Analysis in natural and treated waters

“…4A, curve 2), a sensitive and well defined reduction peak (R1) at about −0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl with a I pc = −34.95 A (±0.32), a cathodic peak (R2) at +0.19 V vs Ag/AgCl with a I pc = +4.02 A and an anodic peak (O1) at +0.26 V vs Ag/AgCl, with a I pa = +6.88 A (±0.05), respectively, appear. The peak labeled as R1 is due to a four-electron reduction of the nitro group ( NO 2 ) to a hydroxylamine group ( NHOH) [2,37]. The redox couple R2/O1 is due to the reversible two-electron oxidation of the hydroxylamine group ( NHOH) to the nitroso group ( NO) [2,37].…”

“…The peak labeled as R1 is due to a four-electron reduction of the nitro group ( NO 2 ) to a hydroxylamine group ( NHOH) [2,37]. The redox couple R2/O1 is due to the reversible two-electron oxidation of the hydroxylamine group ( NHOH) to the nitroso group ( NO) [2,37]. The Scheme 1 shows the reduction and oxidation reactions of the analyte on the composite modified electrode [12].…”

“…These compounds have toxic effect on humans, animals and plants and they give an undesirable taste and odor to drinking water, even at very low concentration. p-Nitrophenol is one of the nitro phenols included in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency List of Priority Pollutants [1] and it is used mainly to make drugs, fungicides, dyes, and to darken leather [2].…”

Electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol using uniform nanoparticle film electrode of glass carbon fabricated facilely by square wave potential pulses

“…In this method, the electrode materials play a key role in improving the detection performances. Up to now, many kinds of active materials, including carbon nanomaterials [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], noble metal nanoparticles [17], inorganic salt/complex [18][19][20], ionic liquids (ILs) [21], organic compound/polymer [22][23] and composite [24][25][26][27], have been synthesized physically/chemically at first and then coated onto a solid substrate or dispersed into a conductive matrix to prepare the modified electrodes for the determination.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Preconcentration and Flow Injection Amperometric Determination of 4-Nitrophenol in Water

“…Electrochemical techniques, with advantages of rapid analysis time, good sensitivity, and low cost, have been used to determine nitrophenols in recent years (Dejmkova et al 2011;Rounaghi, Kakhki, and Azizi-toupkanloo 2012). However, electrochemical oxidation of phenols on solid surfaces such as glassy carbon is usually associated with adsorbed intermediates that poison the surface due to nonconductive polymer formation (Iotov and Kalcheva 1998).…”