Voltammetric detection of trifluralin in tap water, fruit juice, and vegetable extracts in the presence of surfactants

Abstract

This study describes a novel electrochemical method to determine the herbicide trifluralin in samples of water, fruit juice, and vegetable extracts in the presence of surfactants, using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). In acidic media, trifluralin was irreversible on the glassy carbon electrode surface at -0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Surfactant presence on the electrode-solution interface modified current intensities and shifted the reduction peak potential of trifluralin. Different types of surfactant and their concentrations were investigated. The anionic surfactant significantly enhanced the peak current intensity of trifluralin. Under optimal analytical conditions, an analytical curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.48-32.20 µM. The limits of detection and quantification were estimated at 0.031 and 0.104 µM, respectively. The method was successfully applied to quantify trifluralin in samples of water, orange and tomato juice, and green pepper, carrot, and onion extracts, with recovery rates of 97.9-102.1%. The results were in good agreement with those obtained using high-performance liquid chromatography, indicating that the proposed electrochemical method can be employed to quantify trifluralin in various types foods, with sensitivity, specificity, selectivity and reproducibility.

Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Cherry Tomatoes for Highly Effective Detection of Trifluralin Herbicide in Soil Samples

“…The obtained linear regression equation is ΔF=0.00719 C+130.88, where C is the concentration of trifluralin. The limit of detection (LOD) (calculated according to a signal‐to‐noise ratio of S/N =3) was determined to be 0.5 nM (Table ), which was better than or comparable to those reported previously …”

Tetraphenylethene Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Fluorescent Probe for Rapid and Selective Trifluralin Sensing in Vegetables and Fruits

“…So developing sensitive and rapid detection of trifluralin is crucial. Nowadays, several strategies have been developed for trifluralin determination including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), [4] liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) [5] and the electrochemical method [6] . Compared with these methods, the fluorescent method is simple, sensitive and efficient [7] .…”

Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Trifluralin at a Disposable Pencil Graphite Electrode

“…The first studies on the voltammetric behavior of TFA were performed at mercury drop electrodes and mechanisms attributed to the reduction of aromatic nitro groups in TFA were proposed [17][18]. After that, bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in the absence and presence of surfactant [19][20], chitosan modified GCE [21], multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/dihexadecyl hydro-gen phosphate/GCE [22], acetylene black, and ionic liquid modified GCE [7], Sb films/GCE [23], MWCNT and Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanomagnetic core-shell composite coated with fluconazole modified GCE [8], Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 nanomagnetic core-shell composite modified GCE [24], reduced graphene oxide/polyethyleneimine/Ag nanoparticles/GCE [6], and MWCNT modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) [24] have been used for the electrochemical determination of TFA. Although TFA has been determined sensitively and selectively at these carbonbased electrodes, they are very expensive and have some long-time consuming requirements such as polishing and cleaning of their surfaces and modification steps.…”