Voltammetric behavior of Cefixime and Cefpodoxime Proxetil and determination in pharmaceutical formulations and urine

Reddy, T. Madhusudana; Sreedhar, Mallipattu; Reddy, S.

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00721-5

Cited by 71 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Before centrifugation of the sample, 1 M HCl was added to obtain a PBS-1 M HCL 90-10 (v/v) solution. This was to prevent the ring opening of gefitinib and to increase gefitinib solubility [121]. After centrifugation, the supernatant was allowed to equilibrate for two days before measurement and passed through a 0.2 µm cellulose acetate syringe filter before measurement.…”

Section: Release From Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy

Floyd

Galperin

Ratner

2015

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical EngineeringThe grim prognosis for patients diagnosed with malignant gliomas necessitates the development of new therapeutic strategies for localized and sustained drug delivery to combat tumor drug resistance and regrowth. Here we introduced the novel formulation of drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy (DREAM BIG Therapy) that is applied post-resection. DREAM BIG Therapy consists of three types of microspheres [poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)] containing various encapsulated chemotherapeutics, suspended in a degradable, aqueous poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) solution. The thermoresponsive PNIPAM solution is capable of suspending drug encapsulated microspheres at room temperature which can be "sprayed on" the post-surgical site. The physiological temperature of the treatment site (37°C) would cause PNIPAM solution to solidify and form an adherent gel layer with entrapped microspheres, providing intimate contact with remaining tumor cells. Over time, PLGA (rapid degradation), PLA (medium speed degradation), and then PCL (slow degradation) microspheres would break iv down, releasing their drug payloads in a sequential, multi-drug release directly to the tumor site, addressing cancerous regrowth and tumor drug resistance. This dissertation will address the development of DREAM BIG Therapy, from microsphere formulation to pilot in vivo studies.Initial work focused on developing blank and drug encapsulated microspheres using emulsion techniques. Preliminary studies utilized rhodamine B as a model drug for encapsulation in PLGA, PLA, and PCL particles and optimized formulation parameters to achieve a high encapsulation. Then, gefitinib, IgG, and lomustine were encapsulated in PLGA, PLA, and PCL microspheres, respectively, achieving encapsulation efficiencies greater than 80% and drug loadings greater than 0.3%. The in vitro release of gefitinib and IgG were also studied. Gefitinib released from PLGA microspheres over 40 days while the release of IgG from PLA microspheres was slower, over a year long period.The microsphere-PNIPAM system was tested for aerosolized application ex vivo. The aqueous PNIPAM solution suspended the microspheres and was aerosolized before phase transitioning to an adherent gel layer on the tissue, entrapping the microspheres on the tissue surface. Finally, when tested in vivo, the gefitinib encapsulated PLGA microspheres entrapped in PNIPAM slowed the tumor volume growth of a subcutaneous C6 glioma in comparison to blank PLGA microspheres entrapped in PNIPAM. Overall, this research confirms the potential of DREAM BIG therapy for future use with multiple chemotherapeutics and microsphere types to combat gliomas at a localized site.v

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Section: Release From Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy

Floyd

Galperin

Ratner

2015

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…Electrochemical reduction behavior of CEF and its determination was studied at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in pharmaceuticals and human urine by Reddy et al 11 Afkhami et al examined the electrooxidation behavior of CEF at gold nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/carbon paste electrode (GNPs/MWCPE). 12 The electrooxidation behavior of CEF on a glassy carbon electrode was shown and detection of CEF in real samples was established by Golcu et al 13 Voltammetric determination of CEF on multiwalled carbon nanotubes deco- self-assembly monolayers-modified gold nanoparticles utilizing a screen-printed gold electrode in order to determine CEF in biological fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ionic liquid/bismuth lm-modi ed sensor for the electrochemical detection of ce xime

2018

Turk J Chem

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A highly sensitive and simple method based on an ionic liquid/ex situ bismuth film-modified single-use pencil graphite electrode (IL/Bi/PGE) was offered for the electrochemical detection of cefixime (CEF) for the first time. The synergistic effects of the ionic liquid and bismuth film combination as the surface modifier remarkably improved the electrochemical response of the modified sensor. Anodic oxidation of CEF was observed at 0.9 V vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl as one well-defined irreversible oxidation peak. Under optimum experimental conditions, the IL/Bi/PGE exhibited a linear relationship for CEF concentrations in the range of 0.005-0.5 µ M (R 2 = 0.996) with a detection limit as 0.22 nM with square wave voltammetry. The IL/Bi/PGE had excellent sensor properties to electrochemically detect CEF when compared to the literature. This method was successfully applied for practical use with pharmaceutical samples by standard addition method with high accuracy. These results showed that this simple analytical method can find potential application in the clinical field instead of highly expensive and time-consuming processes.

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“…At pH 10.0, no detectable CP was observed after 2 h. 3 The voltammetric behavior of CP was previously examined in pH range 2.0−12.0 by using DPV and CV techniques. 15 It was reported that CP gave two reduction peaks in the entire buffer system and these peaks were attributed to the reduction of azomethine group by twoelectron process in two steps. 15 By means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique, no anodic peak was observed in the pH range for CP.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 It was reported that CP gave two reduction peaks in the entire buffer system and these peaks were attributed to the reduction of azomethine group by twoelectron process in two steps. 15 By means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique, no anodic peak was observed in the pH range for CP. 15 In addition, the peak potential of CP shifted towards a more negative potential along with an increase in the pH range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Hydrolytic Degradation of Cefpodoxime Proxetil in the Presence of UV Irradiation and in Darkness: Kinetics and pH Effect

Bíçer¹,

Özdemir²,

Özdemír³

2013

Croat. Chem. Acta

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Abstract. In this study, the anaerobic hydrolytic degradation of cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) in the presence of UV-light irradiation and in darkness has been studied at Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solutions (pH 2.5-11) by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry techniques. By means of these electrochemical techniques, the hydrolytic degradation of CP was successfully followed. The pH effect on this degradation was also investigated. In darkness, the decrease in the peak current of CP was not practically observed at the acidic and physiological pHs (2.5, 5.0 and 7.4). But, in the basic medium (pH 9.0 and 11.0), a decrease in the peak current was detected. On the other hand, UV irradiation caused a decrease in the peak current of CP and a positive shift in its cathodic peak potential. Under the UV irradiation, the maximum stability of CP was observed in B-R buffer of pH 5. It has been determined that UV irradiation has a great effect on hydrolytic degradation of CP at basic medium. On the other hand, at pHs  7.4, a new peak has been also obtained at more positive potential than that of the first reduction peak of CP. The current of this peak increases by increasing UV irradiation time. This peak could be assigned to the reduction of a new electroactive product which was formed from the hydrolytic degradation of CP under UV irradiation. The hydrolytic degradation reaction of CP followed pseudo-first order kinetics.(doi: 10.5562/cca2071)

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Voltammetric behavior of Cefixime and Cefpodoxime Proxetil and determination in pharmaceutical formulations and urine

Cited by 71 publications

References 17 publications

Drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy

Drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy

An ionic liquid/bismuth lm-modi ed sensor for the electrochemical detection of ce xime

Anaerobic Hydrolytic Degradation of Cefpodoxime Proxetil in the Presence of UV Irradiation and in Darkness: Kinetics and pH Effect

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