Voltammetric aptasensors for protein disease biomarkers detection: A review

Abstract

An electrochemical aptasensor is a compact analytical device where the bioreceptor (aptamer) is coupled to a transducer surface to convert a biological interaction into a measurable signal (current) that can be easily processed, recorded and displayed. Since the discovery of the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Enrichment (SELEX) methodology, the selection of aptamers and their application as bioreceptors has become a promising tool in the design of electrochemical aptasensors. Aptamers present several advantages that highlight their usefulness as bioreceptors such as chemical stability, cost effectiveness and ease of modification towards detection and immobilization at different transducer surfaces. In this review, a special emphasis is given to the potential use of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of protein disease biomarkers using voltammetry techniques. Methods for the immobilization of aptamers onto electrode surfaces are discussed, as well as different electrochemical strategies that can be used for the design of aptasensors.

Electrochemistry of Azurin H117G in Complex with Molecular Wires on Edge Plane Pyrolytic Graphite Electrodes

“…Protein‐film voltammetry is a useful means to study the activity of redox proteins, and to characterize molecular sensing devices . The electrical signals thus triggered are further relayed to electronic circuits that can be an integral part of a biofuel cell, a miniaturized lab‐on‐chip or a biosensor .…”

Electrochemical Biosensors in Point‐of‐Care Devices: Recent Advances and Future Trends

“…This characteristic allows for a denser coverage of the electrode surface and results in further miniaturization, leading the sensors to be compatible with modern microfabrication technologies. The smaller size of this molecule coupled to their ability to form self‐assembled monolayers on gold surfaces makes gold electrodes the most promising current candidate for the development of electrochemical aptasensors . However, from another point of view, gold is a noble metal, and thus it is more expensive than most available materials.…”

“…Most recent studies involving electrochemical aptasensors show that these biosensing devices can be applied to different categories of analytes, ranging from metal ions to biological samples, and that several strategies can be used to improve their sensitivity and stability. A good example of new electrochemical aptasensors applied in POC devices can be found in the work presented by Goud et al., in which the development of a disposable and portable aptasensor for aflatoxin B1 detection (AFB1) in alcoholic drinks was demonstrated.…”

Modelling and Development of Electrical Aptasensors: A Short Review

“…Although electrical aptasensors offer advantages such as simplicity, low cost, good sensitivity and selectivity, at present, their use in clinical laboratories remains limited [29]. A comprehensive review about the recent progress and challenges in designing electrochemical aptasensors, their effectiveness in protein disease biomarkers or contaminants detection in food and the environment is reported in [30][31][32][33].…”