Voltage regulation in distribution grids: A survey

Srivastava, Priyank; Haider, Rabab; Nair, Vineet Jagadeesan; Venkataramanan, V.; Annaswamy, Anuradha M.; Srivastava, Anurag K.

doi:10.1016/j.arcontrol.2023.03.008

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The best solution to cope with the rhythm of the energy transition resides in adequate control strategies of distributed generators. In this regard, DSOs developed various voltage controls to improve voltage quality over MV/LV grids: centralised control, decentralised autonomous control (or local), and decentralised coordinated control [29][30][31]. DSOs, which implement centralised control, send command signals to DERs [32], OLTCs, or STATCOMs [33]; they act as central coordinators and network supervisors in the centralised mechanism, communicating with all the network agents to fully exploit the resources' flexibility.…”

Section: Voltage Regulation In Modern Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralised Voltage Regulation through Optimal Reactive Power Flow in Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation

Daccò,

Falabretti,

Ilea

et al. 2024

Electricity

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The global capacity for renewable electricity generation has surged, with distributed photovoltaic generation being the primary driver. The increasing penetration of non-programmable renewable Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) presents challenges for properly managing distribution networks, requiring advanced voltage regulation techniques. This paper proposes an innovative decentralised voltage strategy that considers DERs, particularly inverter-based ones, as autonomous regulators in compliance with the state-of-the-art European technical standards and grid codes. The proposed method uses an optimal reactive power flow that minimises voltage deviations along all the medium voltage nodes; to check the algorithm’s performance, it has been applied to a small-scale test network and on a real Italian medium-voltage distribution network, and compared with a fully centralised ORPF. The results show that the proposed decentralised autonomous strategy effectively improves voltage profiles in both case studies, reducing voltage deviation by a few percentage points; these results are further confirmed through an analysis conducted over several days to observe how seasons affect the results.

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Section: Voltage Regulation In Modern Distribution Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralised Voltage Regulation through Optimal Reactive Power Flow in Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation

Daccò,

Falabretti,

Ilea

et al. 2024

Electricity

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“…Considering the operation of a network with n buses, power flow optimization with a time-varying load demand can be formulated as stated in (1). In this model, there can be a single or multiple objective functions.…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, voltage control in distribution systems has been performed with capacitors and load tap changers at the transformers. This control has been performed by either fixed capacitance and occasional load tap changer adjustments or by remotely switching capacitors and adjusting the load tap changers due to power quality measures such as over-voltage or under-voltage alerts [1,2]. In recent years, distribution systems have undergone major changes in two aspects [3]: First, the characteristics of the edge devices have changed due to the penetration of renewable energy alongside smart inverters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modular Algorithm Based on the Minimum-Cost-Path Problem for Optimizing LTC Operations in Photovoltaic Integrated Distribution Systems

Yaniv

Beck

2023

Energies

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This paper presents a novel modular voltage control algorithm for optimal scheduling of a distribution system’s load tap changers to minimize the number of tap changes while maintaining a voltage deviation (VD) around a desired target. To this end, a bi-objective optimal voltage regulation (OVR) problem is addressed in two distinct stages. First, the operational constraint on the load tap changer is removed to form a single-objective OVR problem relating to the voltage. The solution obtained in this stage is ultimately utilized to determine the penalty value assigned to the distance from the optimal (solely in terms of voltage) control value. In the second stage, the optimal scheduling problem is formulated as a minimum-cost-path problem, which can be efficiently solved via dynamic programming. This approach allows the identification of optimal scheduling that considers both the voltage-related objective as well as the number of load tap changer switching operations with no added computational burden beyond that of a simple voltage optimization problem. The method imposes no restriction on the load tap changer’s operation and is tested under two different target functions on the standard IEEE-123 test case. The first attains a nominal voltage with a 0.056 p.u. voltage deviation and the second is the well-known conservation voltage reduction (CVR) case with a 0.17 p.u. voltage deviation. The method is compared to an evolutionary-based algorithm and shows significant improvement in the voltage deviation by a factor of 3.5 as well as a computation time acceleration of two orders of magnitude. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method as a key feature in future cutting-edge OVR methods.

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“…In general, any variation or problem in electrical parameters such as voltage, frequency, phase angle, or current that leads to failure/malfunction in the system is considered as power quality (PQ) issues [3]. Among PQ issues, voltage regulation is the frequently occurring problem (VR) [4]. VR causes' substantial financial loss to industrial customers by reducing the voltage levels from normal operating voltages of electrical machines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Control Method for Voltage Regulation and Harmonic Mitigation Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Ullah,

Rukh,

Ahmad

et al. 2023

ICCAR

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The increasing concerns of sensitive industrial customers and electrical utility corporationsregarding Power Quality (PQ) issues have driven the development of innovative solutions. This paperintroduces an enhanced control method based on Smooth Approximation Super Twisting Algorithm(SASTA) for the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to achieve effective regulation of the critical load (CL)voltage to its nominal value while compensating for harmonics induced by the grid. The findings highlightthe significance of the improved control method in enhancing the DVR's performance for voltage regulationand harmonic distortion compensation. By implementing this control system, the DVR successfullymitigates deviations in voltage amplitude and reduces harmonic distortions in the CL voltage, therebyimproving power quality. To evaluate the performance of the proposed control method, extensivesimulations are conducted using the MATLAB/Simulink SimPower System toolbox. The resultsdemonstrate that the SAST-SMC for the DVR can accurately regulate the voltage in less than 2.3milliseconds (ms) and harmonics mitigation under 5% as per IEEE standards.

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Voltage regulation in distribution grids: A survey

Cited by 13 publications

References 91 publications

Decentralised Voltage Regulation through Optimal Reactive Power Flow in Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation

Decentralised Voltage Regulation through Optimal Reactive Power Flow in Distribution Networks with Dispersed Generation

A Modular Algorithm Based on the Minimum-Cost-Path Problem for Optimizing LTC Operations in Photovoltaic Integrated Distribution Systems

Improved Control Method for Voltage Regulation and Harmonic Mitigation Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer

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