Voltage hysteresis loop as a fingerprint of slow kinetics Co²⁺-to-Co³⁺ transition in layered Na_xCo_x/2Ti_1−x/2O₂ cathodes for sodium batteries

Abstract

Sodium transition metal oxides are one of the most promising cathode materials for future sodium ion batteries. Chemical flexibility of layered Na-oxides including cobalt enables its partial substitution by other...

Theoretical insights into surface-phase transition and ion competition during alkali ion intercalation on the Cu4Se4 nanosheet

“…Various materials with enormous spaces such as layered transition oxides, 4,7,8 olivine FePO 4 , 9 and Prussian blue frameworks 10 have been explored as cathodes. On the other hand, the vast majority of anode materials for LIBs exhibit almost zero electrochemical activity for SIBs and PIBs.…”

Sodium/Potassium Intercalation on the Cu4S4 Nanosheet Accompanied by a Surface Phase Transition and Their Competition with Protons

“…Just the same way as LIBs, electrode materials play a crucial role in the electrochemical performance of SIBs and PIBs. Up to date, metals, alloys, carbon materials, group 14 and 15 elements, transition-metal oxides, transition-metal chalcogenides, the honeycomb-layered structures of P2-type M 2 Ni 2 TeO 6 (M = Na and K), transition-metal oxychalcogenides, MXenes, metal–organic framework, and covalent organic framework have been identified to be possible electrode materials of SIBs and PIBs. ,– Compared to oxide counterparts, transition-metal sulfides exhibit multiple advantages such as high theoretical capacity, favorable diffusion kinetics, and fair electrical conductivity . Nevertheless, transition-metal sulfides still suffer from their semiconductor limit for electrical conductivity, slow surface reaction kinetics, particle aggregation, poor stability, and significant volume expansion during Na/K-intercalation .…”

S-doped C@MoSe2(1-x)S2x@MWCNT heterostructure as high-rate and long-cycle stability anodes for Na+ batteries

“…Sodium (Na) has chemical properties like that of lithium (Li) [1,2], and being abundant it is much cheaper than lithium [3][4][5][6]. However, due to the bigger radius of Na + (1.06 Å > 0.76 Å (Li + )), and the low mobility of Na + in anodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIB) leads to poor performance [2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, finding suitable anode materials is one of the key factors to improve the performance of SIB.…”