Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor Based Voltage-Mode and Current-Mode Universal Biquad Filters with Electronic Tuning Facility

Abstract

The objective of this study is to present four new universal biquad filters, two voltage-mode multi-input-single-output (MISO), and two current-mode single-input-multi-output (SIMO). The filters employ one voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) as an active element and two capacitors along with two resistors as passive elements. All the five filter responses, i.e., high-pass, low-pass, band-pass, band-stop, and all-pass responses, are obtained from the same circuit topology. Moreover, the pole frequency and quality factor are independently tunable. Additionally, they do not require any double/inverted input signals for response realization. Furthermore, they enjoy low active and passive sensitivities. Various regular analyses support the design ideas. The functionality of the presented filters are tested by PSPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18 µm technology parameters with ± 0.9 V supply voltage. The circuits are also justified experimentally by creating the VDCC block using commercially available OPA860 ICs. The experimental and simulation results agree well with the theoretically predicted results.

DV-EXCCCII Based Resistor-Less Current-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter

“…The filter circuit configurations with high output impedance can cascade other circuits. Filters reported in [12,16,22] do not have high output impedance terminals. The filter parameters are usually a function of aging, temperature, and other environmental conditions, so a circuit having electronic tuning properties is preferred.…”

“…Over the period, several current-mode active blocks evolved . Some of the most important active blocks in the literature are CCII [2], CCCII [3][4], DVCC [5][6], OFCC [7][8], CDTA [9], MOCCII [10][11], VDTA [12], ICCII [13], CFTA [15], VDCC [16], ZC-CFTA [17], DOCCII [18], MOCCA [19], MO-CCCA [20], CCCCTA [21], DDCC [22], EX-CCCII [23], DV-EXCCCII [24], LT1228 [25], FTFNTA [26], DXCCTA [27], FDCCII [14,28], and many more.…”

“…These filters are not electronically tunable. Filters based on a single active element are described in [12,14,16,22], whereas filters described in [13,15,[17][18][19][20][21] use more analog blocks.…”

New Electronically Tunable Third Order Filters and Dual Mode Sinusoidal Oscillator Using VDTAs and Grounded Capacitors

“…Recently, there has been an increasing interest in designing a filter employing various active building blocks (ABBs) such as four terminal floating nullor (FTFN) [2], voltage differencing buffered amplifier (VDBA) [3], differential difference current conveyor (DDCC) [4], current differencing buffered amplifier (CDBA) [5], differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC) [6], voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) [7], voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA) [8], etc. Most of the reported circuits are second-order filters [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. However, some research also deal with third order and higher order filters [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Electronically Tunable TISO Voltage-Mode Universal Filter Using Two LT1228s

“…Some simulations of CMOS or BJT technology-based filters are proposed only due to the expensive cost of implementing the circuits into chips [12,17,19,22,24,36]. Some ABBs requiring two or more commercially available ICs have been reported in previous studies [25][26][27][28][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Other ABBs do not use grounded capacitors [16, 24-25, 28-30, 34, 37].…”