Voltage Dependence of Cathode-Ray Efficiency of Phosphors: Phosphor Particles with Nonluminescent Coatings

Kingsley, J. D.; Prener, J. S.

doi:10.1063/1.1661662

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…At the other extreme of a very large diameter core particle, the phosphor screen would appear to the electron beam to consist of a monoparticle thick layer of the small YVO:Eu coating particles. The shape of the brightness vs. voltage curve in this case would be similar to the sublinear curves found for thin luminescent films (10,18).…”

Section: Discussion and Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Preparation, Optimization, and Cathodoluminescent Properties of a Line Emission Penetration Phosphor

Clark¹,

Burilla²

1982

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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photon and returns to the ground state (Eu +3) to repeat the excitation process with another EH. Figure 4 illustrates the proposed model. The reduction process (y+3 ~ y+2) and (Eu +3 --> Eu +~) are observed in polarographic studies (14).As a concluding remark, it has been shown that the activator luminescence is a new tool in studying the motion of mobile (radiation-induced) carriers in insulator crystals. Even though it is only allowed to draw the rhacroscopic (first-order approximation of) picture from the present work, a quasi-one-directional migration of free carriers and the correlated migration of the electrons in Y202S crystal are inferred from the experimental results. Further experiments by using a single crystal or a thin film and the theoretical consideration are, we feel, necessary to illustrate a complete picture of the motion of the carriers in highly insulated phosphor crystals. ABSTRACTA multico]or line emission penetration phosphor, suitable for use in high brightness CRT's, has been developed. The system consists of multilayered powder particles containing a green-emitting La202S:Tb core, a nonluminescent La202SO~:Tb middle layer, and a cover coating of small (-1 /~m) red-emitting YVO4:Eu particles. Preparation of the phosphor involves two basic steps: (i) the controlled oxidation of La202S:Tb particles to produce an onionskin surface layer of La~O2SO4:Tb and (ii) coating of the core particles with the small YVO4:Eu particles using a gelatin adsorption * Electrochemical Society Active Member.Approach.--The ability to control the depth of electron penetration into the phosphor screens of aRT's by ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 138.251.14.35 Downloaded on 2015-05-26 to IP Vol. 129, No. 7 ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 138.251.14.35 Downloaded on 2015-05-26 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 138.251.14.35 Downloaded on 2015-05-26 to IP

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Section: Discussion and Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Preparation, Optimization, and Cathodoluminescent Properties of a Line Emission Penetration Phosphor

Clark¹,

Burilla²

1982

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…if the layers are thicker than the penetration depth of the phosphor. The literature on the penetration depth of electrons in solid materials is extensive: [20][21][22][23] there is a large variation of the electron range of more than a factor of 3 at 5 kV between the lowest and highest reported value. The formula used by Kanaya and Okayama 23 appears to produce results that are close to the average of other approaches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodoluminescence of Powder Layers of Nanometer-Sized Y₂O₃:Eu and Micrometer-Sized ZnO:Zn Phosphor Particles

Engelsen

Harris

Ireland

et al. 2013

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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We present a simple method to measure the cathodoluminescence of charging and non-charging phosphor powder layers at low primary electron beam energy. The method is based on comparing a non-charging surface of a conducting material such as copper or indium tin oxide with charging surfaces of non-conducting phosphors. The phosphors that were investigated were ZnO:Zn, which is slightly conductive and supposed not to charge upon electron bombardment, and Y 2 O 3 :Eu, which charges at sufficiently high current density. It was found that the luminous efficacies of ZnO:Zn and Y 2 O 3 :Eu at 5 keV primary beam energy were 23 and 16 lm/w respectively, larger than reported in the literature. This is partly explained by calculating the efficacy from the summation of the luminances measured in the reflected and transmitted mode. This method also minimizes the inaccuracy introduced by the effect of the coating weight. The ratio between luminances measured in reflection and transmission is described in terms of a one-dimensional light scattering theory. Previously we have reported on the various intrinsic luminescent phenomena, such as cathodoluminescence (CL), photoluminescence (PL) of nanometer sized rare earth doped yttrium oxide particles, crystallites and periodic nanostructures for photonic bandgap studies. 1-5More recently we have given an account on a CL study on double layers of zinc doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Zn) and nanometer sized (NS) europium doped yttrium oxide particles (Y 2 O 3 :Eu). 6 The objective of that study was to increase the light output of phosphor layers by making double layers of low and high voltage phosphors. In that study it was not possible to show that this approach was successful, mainly because the penetration depth at 5 kV in a thin top layer was insufficient to excite the bottom layer. Other problems were charging of the NS Y 2 O 3 :Eu top layer, which led to non-reproducible results and focusing effects of the electron beam. In this paper a new method will be introduced for determining the CL efficacy of phosphor powder layers that may charge upon electron bombardment. Furthermore, the optical behavior of the micrometer sized ZnO:Zn and the NS Y 2 O 3 :Eu particles in terms of a one-dimensional light scattering theory will be described.The challenge of measuring the CL of insulating phosphor layers at low electron beam energy is that the use of a top layer of aluminum (Al) to prevent charging of the phosphor grains cannot be used. This charging is negative in the case of the secondary emission coefficient γ being <1, or positive in the case that γ > 1. In principle the surface potential could approach that of the primary beam, and deflect the incoming beam. In practice no evidence of this happening has been observed in this work. What appears to be happening is that the thin surface layer charges up until it reaches the dielectric breakdown threshold of the material and then discharges, before resuming charging. As a result the surface potential fluctuates rapidly. This behavior can clearly b...

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“…The CL is dependent upon the energy loss in the phosphor and therefore the growth of the oxide layer would significantly decrease the CL intensity as shown by Kingsley and Prener [8]. They measured the CL intensity as a function of the accelerating potential of a number of ZnS:Cu phosphors powders, each of which had a thin nonluminescent ZnS coating of known thickness deposited upon every grain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A comparative study between the simulated and measured cathodoluminescence generated in ZnS:Cu, Al, Au phosphor powder

Chen

Greeff

Swart

2005

Journal of Luminescence

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Voltage Dependence of Cathode-Ray Efficiency of Phosphors: Phosphor Particles with Nonluminescent Coatings

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Preparation, Optimization, and Cathodoluminescent Properties of a Line Emission Penetration Phosphor

Preparation, Optimization, and Cathodoluminescent Properties of a Line Emission Penetration Phosphor

Cathodoluminescence of Powder Layers of Nanometer-Sized Y₂O₃:Eu and Micrometer-Sized ZnO:Zn Phosphor Particles

A comparative study between the simulated and measured cathodoluminescence generated in ZnS:Cu, Al, Au phosphor powder

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Voltage Dependence of Cathode-Ray Efficiency of Phosphors: Phosphor Particles with Nonluminescent Coatings

Cited by 43 publications

References 6 publications

Preparation, Optimization, and Cathodoluminescent Properties of a Line Emission Penetration Phosphor

Preparation, Optimization, and Cathodoluminescent Properties of a Line Emission Penetration Phosphor

Cathodoluminescence of Powder Layers of Nanometer-Sized Y2O3:Eu and Micrometer-Sized ZnO:Zn Phosphor Particles

A comparative study between the simulated and measured cathodoluminescence generated in ZnS:Cu, Al, Au phosphor powder

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Cathodoluminescence of Powder Layers of Nanometer-Sized Y₂O₃:Eu and Micrometer-Sized ZnO:Zn Phosphor Particles