Voltage Amplifier Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Braendlein, Marcel; Lonjaret, Thomas; Leleux, Pierre; Badier, Jean‐Michel; Malliaras, George G.

doi:10.1002/advs.201600247

Cited by 104 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1(e) based on the organic transistor. This behavior resembles the one observed for similar voltage amplifiers based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) [18], even though OTFT and OECT operate very differently. While OECT is a 'normally-on' transistor that requires diffusion of ions into the transistor active area to curtail the drain current, OTFT is a 'normally-off' transistor where the field-effect controls the drain current.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The agreement between the measured and calculated values confirms the validity of (4). In analogy to [18] the differentiation of (4) leads to:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent the contamination of the oxidizing surface, the UV/ozone cleaner was enclosed under a Hepa filter. Approximately 20 nm of C 18 PA was grown in Mini-SPECTROS (K. J. Lesker, U.K.) evaporation chamber enclosed in a N 2 -filled glove box (Jacomex, France). The evaporation rate was about 3 Å/s and the substrate was kept at room temperature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Thin Film Transistors With Multi-Finger Contacts as Voltage Amplifiers

2018

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/65187/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. INDEX TERMS Amplifiers, analog circuits, organic thin film transistors, sensors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The agreement between the measured and calculated values confirms the validity of (4). In analogy to [18] the differentiation of (4) leads to:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Thin Film Transistors With Multi-Finger Contacts as Voltage Amplifiers

2018

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“…As shown in Figure 3a www.advmattechnol.de a 2-to-4-bit decoder using NAND logic was used to gate four transistors using A0 and A1 as control signals. [10] The load resistance was chosen to bias the IS-OECTs in the saturation regime, and we found that a load resistance of 1.2/G (2270 Ω; G is the OECT channel conductance) gave the highest gain in the concentration range of 1 µm to 100 mm. This sensor circuit configuration forms a voltage amplifier which converts the concentration-dependent V g,eff into an output voltage.…”

Section: Sensor Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,10] However, in order to realize this, it is equally important to devise an addressing system that allows the output of each sensor to be measured while minimizing the number of signal lines leaving the sensor array. [9,10] However, in order to realize this, it is equally important to devise an addressing system that allows the output of each sensor to be measured while minimizing the number of signal lines leaving the sensor array.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic Integration of Ion‐Selective Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Thin Film Transistors on Flexible Substrates

Pierre

Doris

Lujan

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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amplification, making them ideal candidates for miniaturized chemical and ion sensors that can be used for spatial mapping of analytes or multi-analyte sensing in space-limited applications. [9,10] However, in order to realize this, it is equally important to devise an addressing system that allows the output of each sensor to be measured while minimizing the number of signal lines leaving the sensor array. To accomplish this, we monolithically integrated indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) and ionselective OECTs (IS-OECTs) on a flexible substrate to yield an array of ion-sensors addressed by a multiplexer (Figure 1). This system enables multiple sensors to be addressed and read out by low-cost measuring equipment, which opens the door to multi-analyte sensing and spatial mapping of analytes in applications ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical research. The device architecture and principle of operation for the IS-OECTs used in this work are depicted in Figure 2a. The conductance of the OECT channel is dependent on the channel's oxidation state, which is in turn controlled through an ionically conductive medium by the application of a gate voltage from a reference electrode. [11][12][13][14] These devices are inherently sensitive to the total ion concentration, [15] and they can be made ion-selective by depositing an ISM on top of the channel. [6,7] As shown in Figure 2a, the ISM consisted of a salt of the ion of interest and an ionophore (depicted by stars) dissolved in a hydrophobic polymer membrane. The ionophore selectively solvates the cation of interest, and the anion is hydrophobic so it is soluble in the hydrophobic membrane and insoluble in the aqueous analyte. When the membrane is exposed to an analyte, some of the cations diffuse into the analyte because they are better solvated by water than by the ionophore. However, the hydrophobic anions are trapped in the membrane, leading to a phase-boundary potential between the membrane and the electrolyte. Since the fraction of ions that partition into the analyte is a function of the ion's concentration in the analyte, the membrane potential is also a function of the analyte concentration. Furthermore, since the ionophore selectively solvates the ion of interest, other ions do not diffuse into the membrane to any great extent, making the membrane potential predominantly a Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are a promising class of devices for chemical and ionic sensing in aqueous media. Compared with conventional potentiometric techniques, OECT ion-sensors exhibit low output impedance that aids their miniaturization and integration in multi-sensor systems. However, in order to implement arrays of OECT sensors for multianalyte detection or spatial mapping of analytes, it is critical that the sensors be integrated with an addressing system that minimizes the number of signal lines leaving the sensor array. In this work, an integrated system comprising miniaturized ion-selective OECTs (IS-OECTs) that are addresse...

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Tuning Channel Architecture of Interdigitated Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Recording the Action Potentials of Electrogenic Cells

Liang

Brings

Maybeck

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as versatile electrophysiological sensors due to their high transconductance, biocompatibility, and transparent channel material. High maximum transconductances are demonstrated facilitating the extracellular recording of signals from electrogenic cells. However, this requires large channel dimensions and thick polymer films. These large channel dimensions lead to low transistor densities. Here, interdigitated OECTs (iOECTs) are introduced, which feature high transconductances at small device areas. A superior device performance is achieved by systematically optimizing the electrode layout regarding channel length, number of electrode fingers and electrode width. Interestingly, the maximum transconductance (g max ) does not straightforwardly scale with the channel width-to-length ratio, which is different from planar OECTs. This deviation is caused by the dominating influence of the source-drain series resistance R sd for short channel devices. Of note, there is a critical channel length (15 µm) above which the channel resistance R ch becomes dominant and the device characteristics converge toward those of planar OECTs. Design rules for engineering the performance of iOECTs are proposed and tested by recording action potentials of cardiomyocyte-like HL-1 cells with high signal-to-noise ratios. These results demonstrate that interdigitated OECTs meet two requirements of bioelectronic applications, namely, high device performance and small channel dimensions.

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Voltage Amplifier Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistor

Cited by 104 publications

References 34 publications

Organic Thin Film Transistors With Multi-Finger Contacts as Voltage Amplifiers

Organic Thin Film Transistors With Multi-Finger Contacts as Voltage Amplifiers

Monolithic Integration of Ion‐Selective Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Thin Film Transistors on Flexible Substrates

Tuning Channel Architecture of Interdigitated Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Recording the Action Potentials of Electrogenic Cells

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