Voltage-Activated Adhesion through Donor–Acceptor Dendrimers

Gan, Lu; Tan, Nigel Chew Shun; Shah, Ankur Harish; Webster, Richard D.; Gan, Sher Li; Steele, Terry W. J.

doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01000

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Voltaglue, a diazirine‐grafted PAMAM dendrimer (G5‐Dz), serves as a model system in the field of carbene‐based bioadhesive research to investigate and develop adhesives that cure under low voltage. [ 1 ] Crosslinking in Voltaglue can be initiated with diverse electrode geometries such as disposable three‐electrode chips, [ 1,2 ] bioresorbable interdigitated 3D‐graphene electrodes (IDE), [ 3 ] and semiconductive substrates. [ 4 ] Despite these advances, Voltaglue has some limitations (when stimulated/electrocured) in aqueous environments: 1) it displays low storage modulus (1 kPa) in comparison to photo‐ and thermal‐curing (100 kPa) and 2) the water electrolysis that takes place at –1.3 V may lead to excessive foaming.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we reported that most of these disadvantages could be overcome by employing donor–acceptor‐based electrocuring in organic environments. [ 2 ] The donor–acceptor pairing, inspired from metal organic frameworks (MOF), creates a conductive network enabling electrocuring in insulating solvents. [ 5 ] The pairing of ferrocene/diazirine (Fc/Dz) can function as an auto redox donor–acceptor pair when subjected to voltage in biocompatible organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, and PEG400.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fc and Dz used as donor and acceptor, respectively, are cografted onto G5‐PAMAM to prevent migration to the electrodes. [ 2 ] When subjected to a voltage, diazirine undergoes 1 e reduction to diazirinyl radical while ferrocene donates 1 e to create a hole‐mobile conductive network across the adhesive matrix. The speculated singlet carbene generated from the transient diazirinyl radical results in covalent bond formation on a variety of organic functional groups, e.g., CH, OH, NH, CC, etc.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…G5‐PAMAM grafted with three different percentages of Dz and Fc are prepared (Table S3, Supporting Information) following the procedure described earlier and characterized by 1 H NMR and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). [ 2,7 ] Nine blended formulations (Tables S4 and S5, Supporting Information) are then evaluated for SAR (Fc/Dz grafting, Fc/Dz ratio, and ultimate elongation) with the aid of electrorheology and lap shear adhesion.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure–Activity Relationships of Voltaglue Organic Blends

Tan

Ghosh

Steele

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Voltage‐activated, one‐pot adhesives are an emerging platform with many potential advantages, but require multicomponent grafting of electrochemical donors and acceptors for operation in organic environments. This formulation strategy reduces throughput efficiency, organic solubility, and requires additional purification of the grafted dendrimers. A more advanced strategy is proposed for setting up the donor–acceptor conductive network by exploiting a flexible blending design, providing faster throughput of structure–activity analyses with less synthetic investment. The blend method investigates the ampere‐dependent storage modulus and gelation time as a function of both donor and acceptor concentration. This blend strategy allows a rapid evaluation of donor–acceptor parameters involved in voltage‐activated adhesive formulations.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure–Activity Relationships of Voltaglue Organic Blends

Tan

Ghosh

Steele

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…By grafting TAD onto G5 PAMAM dendrimer, a model system is easily synthesized in a one‐step reaction to explore photochemical and bioadhesive structure–activity relationships. Previous investigations have explored PDz with respect to grafting/solid content, voltage‐activation, and non‐aqueous formulations . Previous studies have also focused on biocompatibility and cytotoxicity behavior of the primary components.…”

Section: Comparison Of Energy Generated Per Pulse Versus Required Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Laser Activation of Carbene Bioadhesive Boosts Bonding Strength

Shah

Kartheek

Gandhi

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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Light‐activated tissue adhesives are limited to low light doses (50 J) and intensities (<1 W cm−2) due to photo‐to‐thermal heat generation. Low intensities have the disadvantage of limited penetration depths with retarded crosslinking kinetics, which impairs carbene‐based crosslinking strategies that compete with nitrogen evolution and gas nucleation. These limitations are circumvented by a trade‐off between high‐intensity activation while reducing the exposure surface area. Continuous or pulsed activation by line scanning the carbene precursor adhesive allows curing a higher surface area/volume ratio while preventing localized heat generation. By optimizing irradiation with a pulsed laser scan, the adhesion strength is improved by 17‐fold over ultraviolet A (UVA) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is on par with bioadhesive gold standard of topical cyanoacrylates. Overall, this improved method of photo‐activation applies to other industrial and clinical photocuring adhesives where limits on UVA dose constrain exposure intensities.

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Recent Advances on Designs and Applications of Hydrogel Adhesives

Liu

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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extracellular matrix properties, gives them popularity in applications ranging from drug delivery, [4,5] wound dressing, [6][7][8] and tissue repair. [9,10] Various hydrogels with extraordinary properties have been reported, like tough, [11] stimuliresponse, [12] and optical variable hydrogels. [13] For example, the combination of covalently and ionically cross-linked networks endows hydrogel's excellent mechanical properties, achieving a value of 9000 J m −2 , which is comparable to natural rubber (10 000 J m −2 ). [11] Moreover, hydrogels with "self-growing" property [14] can stand duplicated stretch without ruption but gain a gradual increase in stress instead. However, in contrast to the bulk hydrogel, existing hydrogel adhesives are far from the desired properties. [15] The adhesion energy of commercial adhesives is usually ≈10 J m −2 compared to that of cartilage, composing a robust matrix of 1000 J m −2 and the adhesive layer of 800 J m −2 , respectively. [16] It is worth noting that medical and clinic adhesives should effectively prevent blood loss, gas, and tissue fluids leakage or exposure to the infectious environment or digestive fluids. [17] Thus, adhesion failure ought to result in negative therapy. Adhesion conductive hydrogels are also required to get skinlevel sensitive sensors since any interfacial vacant space will give rise to inaccurate signals. [18,19] As a result, sensors with high resolution and excellent accuracy can not be obtained under such circumstances due to "dead" regions. [20] Therefore, tough interactions between hydrogels matrix and diverse substrate, especially for wet tissues, are vital but challenging issues. [15] Of particularly significant and ideal properties for tough adhesives under stretching, dissipative energy within hydrogel matrix and interactive energy between interfaces is desired to prevent macroscopic movement. [21] By enhancing interfacial interactions via surface chemical modification, surface structuralizing, physical interlocks, or combining the principles mentioned above, a series of adhesive patches or tough adhesives with injectable, tunable curing time, degradable properties have been obtained.Numerous synthetic or natural materials, diverse design strategies, various methods, and many potential applications have emerged. In this review, as shown in Figure 1, we will summarize the state-of-art hydrogel adhesives spanning from design principles, including physical and chemical interactions In virtue of extracellular features, hydrogels have been used in various areas such as tissue repair, artificial skins, and biological electronics, etc. Intact contact of tough hydrogels to targeted surfaces is usually required to avoid blood or body fluids leakage or inaccurate signals of sensors. The collaboration of high interactive energy between interfaces and high fracture toughness of the constituent hydrogels can effectively prevent relatively macroscopic motions of adhesives from substrates under deformation. Nevertheless, variations in surface microenvironment...

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Voltage-Activated Adhesion through Donor–Acceptor Dendrimers

Cited by 19 publications

References 106 publications

Structure–Activity Relationships of Voltaglue Organic Blends

Structure–Activity Relationships of Voltaglue Organic Blends

Pulsed Laser Activation of Carbene Bioadhesive Boosts Bonding Strength

Recent Advances on Designs and Applications of Hydrogel Adhesives

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