Volt/Var Control for Power Grids With Connections of Large-Scale Wind Farms: A Review

Li, Qinhao; Zhang, Yongjun; Ji, Tianyao; Lin, Xing; Cai, Zexiang

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2832175

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The machines used to generate electricity from wind energy are mostly induction generators, which by their very nature, consume reactive power (i.e., they require a reactive power source for excitation). So, they do not have the advantage of supporting the grid with reactive power like the synchronous machines [42]. Many research articles addressed ways to improve wind turbine in terms of providing reactive power support during the voltage collapse.…”

Section: B Reactive Power/voltage Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

et al. 2020

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The strengthening of electric energy security and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have gained enormous momentum in previous decades. The integration of large-scale intermittent renewable energy resources (RER) like wind energy into the existing electricity grids has increased significantly in the last decade. However, this integration poses many operational and control challenges that hamper the reliable and stable operation of the grids. This article aims to review the reported challenges caused by the integration of wind energy and the proposed solutions methodologies. Among the various challenges, the generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability are reviewed and discussed. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Many of the solutions used and proposed to mitigate the impact of these challenges, such as energy storage systems, wind energy policy, and grid codes, are also reviewed and discussed. This paper will assist the enthusiastic readers in seeing the full picture of wind energy integration challenges. It also puts in the hands of policymakers all aspects of the challenges so that they can adopt sustainable policies that support and overcome the difficulties facing the integration of wind energy into electricity grids. INDEX TERMS Angular stability, energy storage system, fault ride-through capability, frequency response, grid codes, reactive power support, voltage stability, wind intermittency. • Induction generator (squirrel cage (type 1) and wound rotor (type 2))

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Section: B Reactive Power/voltage Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, directly aggregating impedance models from lowest to highest levels will lead to model mismatch. However, if the mismatch is within an acceptable range, then the direct aggregation method is a preferred choice because it usually avoids power flow analysis, which might be complicated and time consuming due to the uncertainty of renewable energy [17,18], and the simplicity of impedance-based analysis will be lost.…”

Section: Background On the Impedance Modeling Of Multiple Wtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it can be concluded that a smaller amplitude of off-diagonal admittance elements leads to a larger stability margin of the interconnected system around the fundamental frequency, which is illustrated in Figure 7, showing that eigenloci shrank as the amplitude of off-diagonal WT admittance reduced. It should also be pointed out that the phase mismatch shown in the off-diagonal elements can be canceled when calculating eigenloci (18), which can be expressed as:…”

Section: Impedance Model Aggregation Of a Type-iv Wtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance Aggregation Method of Multiple Wind Turbines and Accuracy Analysis

Chen

Nian

2019

Energies

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The sequence domain impedance modeling of wind turbines (WTs) has been widely used in the stability analysis between WTs and weak grids with high line impedance. An aggregated impedance model of the wind farm is required in the system-level analysis. However, directly aggregating WT small-signal impedance models will lead to an inaccurate aggregated impedance model due to the mismatch of reference frame definitions among different WT subsystems, which may lead to inaccuracy in the stability analysis. In this paper, we analyze the impacts of the reference frame mismatch between a local small-signal impedance model and a global one on the accuracy of aggregated impedance and the accuracy of impedance-based stability analysis. The results revealed that the impact is related to the power distribution of the studied network. It was found that that the influence of mismatch on stability analysis became subtle when subsystems were balanced loaded. Considering that balanced loading is a common configuration of the practical application, direct impedance aggregation by local small-signal models can be applied due to its acceptable accuracy.

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“…In combination with power electronics, ESSs ensure the stabilization of intermittent power generation to offer improved power quality and efficient energy use through demand response. ESS technologies currently in use include flow and lead-acid batteries, chemical energy storages, and ultra-capacitors [9], [10]. Since renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar energy are subject to variability due to weather conditions, it is necessary to find ways to reconcile energy supply and demand whenever imbalances arise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home Energy Management System Concepts, Configurations, and Technologies for the Smart Grid

2020

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Home energy management systems (HEMSs) help manage electricity demand to optimize energy consumption and distributed renewable energy generation without compromising consumers' comfort. HEMSs operate according to multiple criteria, including energy cost, weather conditions, load profiles, and consumer comfort. They play an increasingly ubiquitous role in energy efficiency through the reduction of electricity consumption within residential and commercial smart grids. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the HEMS literature with reference to main concepts, configurations, and enabling technologies. In doing so, it also provides a summary of HEMS computing trends and popular communication technologies for demand response applications. The ensuing survey offers the reader with an overall overview of current and future trends in HEMS solutions and technologies. INDEX TERMS Home energy management system, demand response, smart technologies, integrated wireless technology, intelligent scheduling controller. I.

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Volt/Var Control for Power Grids With Connections of Large-Scale Wind Farms: A Review

Cited by 51 publications

References 87 publications

Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

Impedance Aggregation Method of Multiple Wind Turbines and Accuracy Analysis

Home Energy Management System Concepts, Configurations, and Technologies for the Smart Grid

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