Volleyball practice increases bone mass in prepubescent boys during growth: A 1-yr longitudinal study

Abstract

The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the effects of 1-yr of volleyball practice on the bone mass development in the growing skeleton among prepubescent children. Twenty volleyball players and nine teen matched control boys (Tanner stage 1, at the start of the study) were followed over a 1-yr period. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2), bone mineral content (BMC, g) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the whole body, lumbar spine (L2–L4), legs, arms, femoral necks, hips and radii. At follow-up, in comparison with controls, volleyball players gained more BMD in whole body (4.5% vs 1.7%; p = 0.014), both nondominant and dominant arms (5.8% vs 1.1% p = 0.005, and 6% vs 2.1%; p = 0.003, respectively), both nondmoninat and dominant legs (9% vs 4.8%; p = 0.005 and 10.7% vs 6% p = 0.0025; respectively), dominant ultradistal radius (10.4% vs 0.9%; p = 0.005), dominant third distal radius (9.6% vs 3.71%; p = 0.023), dominant whole radius (7.4% vs 3.1%; p = 0.017), lumbar spine L2-L4 (9.9% vs 2.8%; p = 0.004), femoral neck (4.7% vs 1.6%; p = 0.034), trochanter (6% vs 1.5%; p<0.001) and total hip (6.1% vs 2.6%; p = 0.006). Volleyball players gained more BMC in both nondominant and dominant arms (25.1% vs 13.4%; p = 0.003, and 26.1% vs 15.6%; p<0.001 respectively), both nondominant and dominant legs (20.2% vs 14.5%; p = 0.004 and 23% vs 16%; p = 0.004, respectively), dominant ultradistal radius (22.4% vs 8.7%; p = 0.002), dominant third distal radius (20.9% vs 5.9%; p = 0.001), dominant whole radius (20% vs 13%), nondominant third distal radius (14.5% vs 5.9%; p = 0.001), nondominant whole radius (21.1% vs 12%; p = 0.002), lumbar spine L2-L4 (21.1% vs 13.7%; p = 0.007), femoral neck (25.9% vs 8.7%; p = 0.007), trochanter (23.5% vs 17.1%; p = 0.006), and total hip (16.3% vs 11.3%; p = 0.009) than controls. A close correlation was observed between the increment (Δ) of whole body lean mass and increased (Δ) BMD and BMC in whole body (r = 0.43, p<0.01, r = 0.73, p<0.001; respectively), lumbar spine (r = 0.54, r = 0.61, p<0.001; respectively), trochanter (r = 0.46, p<0.01, r = 0.35, p<0.05; respectively), and total hip (r = 0.53, p<0.01, r = 0.6, p<0.0001; respectively). In summary, 1-yr of volleyball practice has an osteogenic effect on bone mass in loaded sites in prepubescent boys.

Effects of diverse resistance training modalities on performance measures in athletes: a network meta-analysis

“…Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org remaining 254 articles, an additional 171 articles were excluded (due to unavailability of full text, lack of relevant data, or inconsistency with the study's content). Ultimately, 83 articles were included in the study (Figure 1) (Matavulj et al, 2001;Spurrs et al, 2003;Turner et al, 2003;Toumi et al, 2004;Martel et al, 2005;Ronnestad et al, 2008;Santos and Janeira, 2008;Carlson et al, 2009;Thomas et al, 2009;Berryman et al, 2010;Khlifa et al, 2010;Benito-Martínez et al, 2011;Voelzke et al, 2012;Michailidis et al, 2013;Pienaa and Coetzee, 2013;Chelly et al, 2014;Garcia-Pinillos et al, 2014;Ozbar et al, 2014; Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org Ramírez-Campillo et al, 2014;Redondo et al, 2014;Zribi et al, 2014;Attene et al, 2015;Chelly et al, 2015;Sáez De Villarreal et al, 2015;Hall et al, 2016;Ramirez-Campillo et al, 2016;Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2016;Agostini et al, 2017;Chtara et al, 2017;Daehlin et al, 2017;Neves Da Silva et al, 2017;Rodríguez-Rosell et al, 2017;Rosas et al, 2017;Asadi et al, 2018;Beato et al, 2018;Chatzinikolaou et al, 2018;Fischetti et al, 2018;…”

Musculoskeletal health in children and adolescents

“…Zribi et al evaluated longitudinally the consequences of 1-year of volleyball on BMD and BMC, assessed by DXA (82). Volleyball is a team sport which includes different movements such as accelerations and decelerations, rapid changes of direction and repetitive jumps.…”

Damage for gain: The useful damage of the Pitcher's paradox

“…Such movements, particularly repetitive and traumatic ones, can lead to the upper limbs becoming overloaded [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. Land-based sports, like volleyball, and nutraceuticals, such as carnitine supplementation, are preferable, especially at a young age, to improve physical performance and promote peak bone mass and prevent osteoporosis in the future [ [4] , [5] , [6] ].…”