Volcano seismicity and ground deformation unveil the gravity-driven magma discharge dynamics of a volcanic eruption

Ripepe, Maurizio; Donne, Dario Delle; Genco, Riccardo; Maggio, Giuseppe; Pistolesi, Marco; Marchetti, E.; Lacanna, Giorgio; Ulivieri, Giacomo; Poggi, Pasquale

doi:10.1038/ncomms7998

Cited by 54 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…At the start of the eruption, this corresponds to TADR of~30 m 3 /s. As this value was not realistic (compared to previous eruptions) [8], we used TET-1 data to fit the radiant density (Figure 8).…”

Section: Modis Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Model outputs are based on a very elegant and yet simple model developed by Ripepe et al [8]. They used a multidisciplinary data set consisting of seismic, infrared and deformation data with which they modeled TADR as a function of time.…”

Section: Simple Model For Waning Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ρ is the density of the magma containing bubbles, g is the acceleration as a result of gravity while h(t) describes the magma level due to the slow emptying of the upper reservoir of size V R (t) (for details, see Ripepe et al [8]):…”

Section: Simple Model For Waning Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where A 0 is the base of the reservoir, which can be represented by a shallow cylindrical plumbing system immediately above the effusive vent (for details see Ripepe et al, [8]). From our measurements, the initial eruptive flux TADR 0 at the beginning of the effusive period is known.…”

Section: Simple Model For Waning Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuous effusive activity is uncommon for Stromboli. During the last decades, only three major effusive episodes were recorded: 1985/86 [3], 2002/03 [4,5] and 2007 [6][7][8]. The effusive activity presents no direct hazard to the island's inhabitants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

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Abstract:As specifically designed platforms are still unavailable at this point in time, lava flows are usually monitored remotely with the use of meteorological satellites. Generally, meteorological satellites have a low spatial resolution, which leads to uncertain results. This paper presents the first long term satellite monitoring of active lava flows on Stromboli volcano (August-November 2014) at high spatial resolution (160 m) and relatively high temporal resolution (~3 days). These data were retrieved by the small satellite Technology Experiment Carrier-1 (TET-1), which was developed and built by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). The satellite instrument is dedicated to high temperature event monitoring. The satellite observations were accompanied by field observations conducted by thermal cameras. These provided short time lava flow dynamics and validation for satellite data. TET-1 retrieved 27 datasets over Stromboli during its effusive activity. Using the radiant density approach, TET-1 data were used to calibrate the MODVOLC data and estimate the time averaged lava discharge rate. With a mean output rate of 0.87 m 3 /s during the three-month-long eruption, we estimate the total erupted volume to be 7.4ˆ10 6 m 3 .

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Section: Modis Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simple Model For Waning Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simple Model For Waning Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simple Model For Waning Mass Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

2015

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Slug ascent and associated stresses during strombolian activity with non‐Newtonian rheology

Lieth

Hort

2016

JGR Solid Earth

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Strombolian activity is generally assumed to be driven by overpressurized gas slugs that rise through the magma‐filled volcanic conduit and burst at the surface. We develop an analytical model for this process that incorporates a generic, depth‐dependent, and non‐Newtonian magma rheology. Our model also describes the film draining after the burst and allows for the computation of the stresses exerted on the conduit walls using a new analytical solution for the thickness of an annular film flow. Using Stromboli volcano, Italy, as reference, it was evaluated with a specifically designed, non‐Newtonian rheological model based on petrochemical data. The results show the importance of using a realistic magma viscosity model when modeling the slug ascent: A 100 kg gas slug attains its maximum overpressure of 2.1 bars about 40 s before it rapidly expands and finally bursts at only 1.4 bars. This preburst pressure drop is not reproduced by constant viscosity models. The normal stresses on the conduit wall are generally dilatational above and adjacent to the slug and constrictive below it and after the burst. In both cases their maximum values exceed 3 bars, whereas the shear stresses stay negligible. Furthermore, it was found that the slug needs to start deeper than 25 m to build up its full burst pressure. At greater depth, the burst pressure decreases because of the adiabatic slug gas. Finally, a viscous plug at the top of the conduit is shown to increase the explosive potential of the volcano significantly.

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Exploring the explosive‐effusive transition using permanent ultraviolet cameras

et al. 2017

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Understanding the mechanisms that cause effusive eruptions is the key to mitigating their associated hazard. Here we combine results from permanent ultraviolet (UV) cameras, and from other geophysical observations (seismic very long period, thermal, and infrasonic activity), to characterize volcanic SO2 flux regime in the period prior, during, and after Stromboli's August–November 2014 effusive eruption. We show that, in the 2 months prior to effusion onset, the SO2 flux levels are 2 times average level. We explain this anomalously high SO2 regime as primarily determined by venting of rapidly rising, pressurized SO2‐rich gas pockets produced by strombolian explosions being more frequent and intense than usual. We develop a procedure to track (and count), in the UV camera record, the SO2 flux pulses produced by individual explosions and puffing activity (active degassing). We find that these SO2 pulses are far more numerous (67 ± 47 events per hour) before the effusion onset than during normal activity (20 ± 15 events per hour). This observation, combined with geophysical evidence, demonstrates an elevated gas bubble supply to the shallow conduits, causing elevated explosive and puffing activity. This increase (≥0.1 m3 s−1) in magma transport rate in the north‐east feeding conduits finally triggers effusion onset. Active degassing remains elevated also during the effusive phase, supporting the persistence of explosive and puffing activity during the effusive eruption, deep in the volcanic conduit. Our results demonstrate that permanent UV cameras can valuably contribute to monitoring at high‐sampling frequency gas dynamics and fluxes, thus opening the way to direct comparison with more established geophysical observations.

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Volcano seismicity and ground deformation unveil the gravity-driven magma discharge dynamics of a volcanic eruption

Cited by 54 publications

References 34 publications

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Satellite and Ground Based Thermal Observation of the 2014 Effusive Eruption at Stromboli Volcano

Slug ascent and associated stresses during strombolian activity with non‐Newtonian rheology

Exploring the explosive‐effusive transition using permanent ultraviolet cameras

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