Volcano collapse and tsunami generation in the Bismarck Volcanic Arc, Papua New Guinea

Silver, Eli A.; Day, Simon; Ward, Steven N.; Hoffmann, Gary; Llanes, P.; Driscoll, Neal W.; Appelgate, Bruce; Saunders, S.R.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.06.013

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Prior studies have identified multiple giant submarine landslide deposits surrounding volcanic islands associCorrespondence to: C. Montanaro (cristianmontanaro@libero.it) ated with hot spot volcanism, such as the Hawaiian Islands (Moore et al, 1989(Moore et al, , 1994, Azores Islands (Holcomb and Searle, 1991), Canary Islands (Watts et al, 1995;Masson et al, 2002), Cape Verde Islands (Le Bas et al, 2007;Masson et al, 2008) and Society Islands (Clouard et al, 2001). Similar deposits have been found around volcanic islands and island arcs above subduction zones, including volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles Arc (Boudon et al, 2007), Japanese Arc (Satake and Kato, 2001), Tonga-Kermadec Arc (Wright et al, 2006), Bismark Island (Silver et al, 2009), Aeolian Island (Tibaldi, 2001;Romagnoli et al, 2009) and the Aleutian Island Arc (Coombs et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…This area, covering about 250 km 2 , appears to be a large block field very similar in size and character to those observed offshore from the Garove caldera in the Bismarck arc (Silver et al, 2009); we tentatively consider this highreflectivity region to be a DA deposit representing one or more collapse that may have been connected with the caldera-forming event but further work is necessary to confirm this.…”

Section: Seguam (Pyre Pk)mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Similar shallow water condition are present in the Bismark Arc and lead to the formation there of DA deposits that almost all show a lobate shape similar to the Type II DA deposits we describe here from the Aleutian Islands. The lobate deposits in the Bismark Islands are relatively smaller, typically covering an area ranging between 15 and 145 km 2 and were emplaced at depths between 300-500 m (Silver et al, 2009;Fig. 13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcano collapse along the Aleutian Ridge (western Aleutian Arc)

Montanaro

Begét

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Aleutian Ridge, in the western part of the Aleutian Arc, consists of a chain of volcanic islands perched atop the crest of a submarine ridge with most of the active Quaternary stratocones or caldera-like volcanoes being located on the northern margins of the Aleutian Islands. Integrated analysis of marine and terrestrial data resulted in the identification and characterization of 17 extensive submarine debris avalanche deposits from 11 volcanoes. Two morphological types of deposits are recognizable, elongate and lobate, with primary controls on the size and distribution of the volcanic debris being the volume and nature of material involved, proportion of fine grained material, depth of emplacement and the paleo-bathymetry. Volume calculations show the amount of material deposited in debris avalanches is as much as three times larger than the amount of material initially involved in the collapse, suggesting the incorporation of large amounts of submarine material during transport. The orientation of the collapse events is influenced by regional fault systems underling the volcanoes. The western Aleutian Arc has a significant tsunamigenic potential and communities within the Aleutian Islands and surrounding areas of the North Pacific as well as shipping and fishing fleets that cross the North Pacific may be at risk during future eruptions in this area.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Seguam (Pyre Pk)mentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcano collapse along the Aleutian Ridge (western Aleutian Arc)

Montanaro

Begét

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Importantly, the landslide scars that we observed on the submarine flanks of the subaerial volcanoes are shallow compared to their width and length, forming embayments in plan view. This contrasts with lateral collapse structures both on subaerial volcanoes (Siebert, 1984;Siebert et al, 1987) and on the submarine flanks of many island arc volcanoes (for example, Silver et al, 2009) where lateral collapse scars have sidewalls and headwalls up to 1 km high and up to 25-50% of their width, and where large sectors of volcanoes collapse, often including summit areas. The landslide scars described here have sidewall heights only 2 to 5% of their width.…”

Section: Landslide Scarsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Leat

Day

Tate

et al. 2013

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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New multibeam bathymetry data are presented for the South Sandwich intra-oceanic arc which occupies the small Sandwich plate in the South Atlantic, and is widely considered to be a simple end-member in the range of intra-oceanic arc types. The images show for the first time the distribution of submarine volcanic, tectonic and erosional-depositional features along the whole length of the 540 km long volcanic arc, allowing systematic investigation of along-arc variations. The data confirm that the volcanic arc has a simple structure composed of large volcanoes which form a well-defined volcanic front, but with three parallel crosscutting seamount chains extending 38-60 km from near the volcanic front into the rear-arc. There is no evidence for intra-arc rifting or extinct volcanic lines. Topographic evidence for faulting is generally absent, except near the northern and southern plate boundaries. Most of the volcanic arc appears to be built on ocean crust formed at the associated back-arc spreading centre, as previously proposed from magnetic data, but the southern part of the arc appears to be underlain by older arc or continental crust whose west-facing rifted margin facing the back-arc basin is defined by the new bathymetry. The new survey shows nine main volcanic edifices along the volcanic front and ca. 20 main seamounts. The main volcanoes form largely glaciated islands with summits 3.0-3.5 km above base levels which are 2500-3000 m deep in the north and shallower at 2000-2500 m deep in the south. Some of the component seamounts are interpreted to have been active since the last glacial maximum, and so are approximately contemporaneous with the volcanic front volcanism. Seven calderas, all either submarine or ice-filled, have been identified: Adventure volcano, a newly discovered submarine volcanic front caldera volcano is described for the first time. All but one of the calderas are situated on summits of large volcanoes in the southern part of the arc, and most are associated with current or historic volcanic or hydrothermal activity. Shallow shelves around the islands are generally 1-10 km wide. Submerged banks up to 1100 m deep are interpreted as subsided erosional surfaces. Seamounts and emergent volcanoes experienced a range of mass wasting processes including by landsliding and smaller mass flows. KeywordsVolcanic arc, subduction zone, caldera, seamount, submarine volcanism The importance of the South Sandwich volcanic arcThe South Sandwich volcanic arc, situated in the South Atlantic ( Fig. 1), is a tectonically simple, active, intra-oceanic arc, and is ideally suited to studies of volcanic arc crustal structure, geochemical investigation of mantle processes above a subduction zone, and sedimentation in an early stage of arc evolution. The active arc is built largely on oceanic crust of the small Sandwich plate which formed about 10 Ma at the back-arc East Scotia ridge spreading centre . The arc is forming in response to steeply inclined subduction of the South American plate beneath the Sand...

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“…In the West Pacific, Silver et al (2009) mapped 12 debris avalanches from volcanoes in the Bismarck volcanic arc of Papua New Guinea alone and recognised that tsunamis from even small submarine slope failures may have produced significant run-up on nearby coastlines. They concluded that if any of the submarine slope failures they identified occurred in modern times they would have moderate to significant tsunami impacts on populated coastlines in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a previously unrecorded local tsunami, 13 April 2010, Cook Islands: implications for Pacific Island countries

Goff

2011

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tsunami hazard assessments for Pacific Islands Countries (PICs) tend to focus on subduction zone sources. It is generally recognised that while volcanic-related tsunamigenic sources exist, they are probably only of minor relevance to the overall hazardscape of the Pacific. This paper outlines the evidence for a previously unrecorded local tsunami that struck the uninhabited south coast of Mangaia, Cook Islands, on 13 April 2010. The tsunami had a maximum inundation of 100 m inland and a runup of 12 m a.s.l. This event was most probably caused by a small submarine slope failure, the most recent of an unknown number of previous inundations. Since most PICs have a volcanic origin, it is suggested that current perceptions about the local and regional significance of such events is inaccurate. A review of volcanic-related tsunamigenic sources throughout the Pacific reveals a wealth of data concerning submarine slope failures in particular and a more general background of active volcanism. These sources are as relevant to PICs close to or far away from subduction zones. As populations grow and the coastlines of many PICs and those on the edge of the Pacific Ocean become increasing occupied, the likelihood for loss of life from these events increases.

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Volcano collapse and tsunami generation in the Bismarck Volcanic Arc, Papua New Guinea

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Volcano collapse along the Aleutian Ridge (western Aleutian Arc)

Volcano collapse along the Aleutian Ridge (western Aleutian Arc)

Volcanic evolution of the South Sandwich volcanic arc, South Atlantic, from multibeam bathymetry

Evidence of a previously unrecorded local tsunami, 13 April 2010, Cook Islands: implications for Pacific Island countries

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