Volcanism-Induced Tsunamis and Tsunamiites

Nishimura, Yuichi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-51552-0.00011-4

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, where the beach is composed of fresh or weathered pumice with a density of approximately 2.0 g/cm 3 or less, deposits exhibit upward and landward coarsening trends. These unique tsunami deposits are often observed in near-source tsunami deposits of volcanic origin (Nishimura et al, 2005;Nishimura 2008). Similar, or sometimes more complex, features are observed in carbonate-dominated tsunami deposits (Putra et al, 2013) in tropical environments where beaches are composed of shell and coral fragments.…”

Section: Tsunami Deposit In Accordance With Beach Materialsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Influence of Sediment Source, Vegetation and Microtopography on Tsunami Deposit Characteristics

Nishimura¹,

Nakamura²,

Putra³

2015

The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015

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Spatial distribution and sedimentary features of tsunami deposits are controlled by environmental settings where erosion and deposition occurred by the tsunami. We show variability of the typical trends of thickness and grain size for the different type of beach, and the influence of microtopography on sandy tsunami deposits in coastal wetland at cold districts where uneven surface has been developed by vegetation at the time of the tsunami inundation.

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Section: Tsunami Deposit In Accordance With Beach Materialsmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Influence of Sediment Source, Vegetation and Microtopography on Tsunami Deposit Characteristics

Nishimura¹,

Nakamura²,

Putra³

2015

The Proceedings of the Coastal Sediments 2015

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“…The consequences of flank instability are often devastating and deadly (McGuire 1996;Auker et al 2012). An additional hazard provided by volcanic edifices located under or proximal to large water bodies is the generation of highly hazardous tsunamis (e.g., Ward and Day 2001;Nishimura 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flank instability assessment at Kick-’em-Jenny submarine volcano (Grenada, Lesser Antilles): a multidisciplinary approach using experiments and modeling

et al. 2016

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Kick-'em-Jenny (KeJ)-located ca. 8 km north of the island of Grenada-is the only active submarine volcano of the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc. Previous investigations of KeJ revealed that it lies within a collapse scar inherited from a past flank instability episode. To assess the likelihood of future collapse, we employ here a combined laboratory and modeling approach. Lavas collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) provided samples to perform the first rock physical property measurements for the materials comprising the KeJ edifice. Uniaxial and triaxial deformation experiments showed that the dominant failure mode within the edifice host rock is brittle. Edifice fractures (such as those at Champagne Vent) will therefore assist the outgassing of the nearby magma-filled conduit, favoring effusive behavior. These laboratory data were then used as input parameters in models of slope stability. First, relative slope stability analysis revealed that the SW to N sector of the volcano displays a deficit of mass/volume with respect to a volcanoid (ideal 3D surface). Slope stability analysis using a limit equilibrium method (LEM) showed that KeJ is currently stable, since all values of stability factor or factor of safety (Fs) are greater than unity.The lowest values of Fs were found for the SW-NW sector of the volcano (the sector displaying a mass/volume deficit). Although currently stable, KeJ may become unstable in the future. Instability (severe reductions in Fs) could result, for example, from overpressurization due to the growth of a cryptodome. Our modeling has shown that instabilityinduced flank collapse will most likely initiate from the SW-NW sector of KeJ, therefore mobilizing a volume of at least ca. 0.7 km 3 . The mobilization of ca. 0.7 km 3 of material is certainly capable of generating a tsunami that poses a significant hazard to the southern islands of the West Indies.

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“…[15,23]), volcanic eruptions (e.g. [46]), rapid large-scale air pressure disturbances-called also meteotsunami (e.g. [44,57]) and, most rarely, cosmic asteroid impact (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary evidence for a mid-Holocene iceberg-generated tsunami in a coastal lake, west Greenland

Long

Szczuciński

Lawrence

2015

Arktos

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4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract We report sedimentological evidence for a tsunami from a coastal lake at Innaarsuit, Disko Bugt (west Greenland), which was most likely generated by a rolling iceberg. The tsunami invaded the lake c. 6000 years ago, during a period of time when relative sea level (RSL) was falling quickly because of isostatic rebound. We use the background rate of RSL fall, together with an age model for the sediment sequence, to infer a minimum wave runup during the event of c. 3.3 m. The stratigraphic signature of the event bears similarities to that described from studies of the early-Holocene Storegga slide tsunami in Norwegian coastal basins. Conditions conducive to iceberg tsunami include a supply of icebergs, deep water close to the shore, a depositional setting protected from storms or landslide tsunami, and a coastal configuration that has the potential to amplify the height of tsunami waves as water depths shallow and the waves approach and impact the coast. Future warming of polar regions will lead to increased calving and iceberg production, at a time when human use of polar coasts will also grow. We predict, therefore, that iceberg-generated tsunami will become a growing hazard in polar coastal waters, especially in areas adjacent to large, fast-flowing, marine-terminating ice streams that are close to human populations or infrastructure.

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Volcanism-Induced Tsunamis and Tsunamiites

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

The Influence of Sediment Source, Vegetation and Microtopography on Tsunami Deposit Characteristics

The Influence of Sediment Source, Vegetation and Microtopography on Tsunami Deposit Characteristics

Flank instability assessment at Kick-’em-Jenny submarine volcano (Grenada, Lesser Antilles): a multidisciplinary approach using experiments and modeling

Sedimentary evidence for a mid-Holocene iceberg-generated tsunami in a coastal lake, west Greenland

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