Volcanic tsunami: a review of source mechanisms, past events and hazards in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea)

Paris, Raphaël; Switzer, Adam D.; Belousova, Marina; Belousov, Alexander; Ontowirjo, Budianto; Whelley, P. L.; Ulvrová, Martina

doi:10.1007/s11069-013-0822-8

Cited by 135 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The population is approximately 63,801, of whom 64 % (40,758) live on Siau Island, the administrative principal island of Sitaro (Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kepulauan Sitaro 2012). Sitaro is an archipelago of volcanic oceanic islands that arise from the sea floor at a depth of over 1,000 m within the Sangihe arc (Shekelle et al 2008 (Paris et al 2014), the capital city of North Sulawesi Province, 40 km from Siau, the district capital, and 4 km from the closest town Bahoi (town of Tagulandang subdistrict, which is the center of the administration area of Laingpatehi village) on the island of Tagulandang. Ruang has an area of 1,426 ha and has only two villages, Laingpatehi and Pumpente with a total population of 843 (Kantor Kecamatan Tagulandang 2011).…”

Section: Study Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were 13 major eruptions from 1808-2002 (Table 2). The eruption in 1871 triggered a tsunami that struck Tagulandang Island and killed about 400-450 people, including the King of Tagulandang (Brilman 2000;Manginsela-Tiendas 2001;GVP 2013;Paris et al 2014). Villagers reported that the last eruption in 2002 was preceded by earthquakes on 24 September, followed by a thick volcanic ash emission the next day.…”

Section: Livelihood Dynamics and Natural Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

Rampengan

Boedhihartono

Law

et al. 2014

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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Isolated communities on small islands are often characterized as vulnerable and marginalized. We studied the recent history of Laingpatehi, a village on Ruang Island off the north coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia to show that the marginalization-vulnerability nexus can be offset by capacity and social cohesion to enable sustainable livelihoods. The island has been impacted by volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and competition for marine resources from mainland-based fishermen. The community has shown a remarkable ability to cope and prosper in the face of a series of external hazards. We used a sustainable livelihoods approach to identify the assets that enabled the villagers to cope. Strong social cohesion was central to the ability to organize the community and confront hazards. A diversified livelihood strategy drawing on the small island environment and its coastal and marine resources, income generating activities in a distant satellite village, and significant remittances from employment in other parts of Indonesia underpinned people's capacities to face hazards. Government assistance played a supporting role. The case of Laingpatehi demonstrates how remoteness, rather than being a source of vulnerability, can provide access to existing resources and facilitate innovation. Disaster risk reduction strategies should focus more on reinforcing these existing capacities to deal with hazards and less on physical protection and postdisaster responses.

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Section: Study Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Livelihood Dynamics and Natural Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

Rampengan

Boedhihartono

Law

et al. 2014

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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“…is problematic because different tsunami source mechanisms might be involved: the caldera collapse itself, but also subaerial pyroclastic flows, submarine sediment gravity flows, underwater explosions, earthquakes, slope instabilities, and shock waves (Paris et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source of the tsunami generated by the 1650 AD eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece)

Ulvrová

Paris

Nomikou

et al. 2016

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Abstract:The 1650 AD explosive eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece) generated a destructive tsunami. In this paper we propose a source mechanism of this poorly documented tsunami using both geological investigations and numerical simulations. Sedimentary evidence of the 1650 AD tsunami was found along the coast of Santorini Island at maximum altitudes ranging between 3.5 m a.s.l. (Perissa, southern coast) and 20 m a.s.l. (Monolithos, eastern coast), corresponding to a minimum inundation of 360 and 630 m respectively. Tsunami deposits consist of an irregular 5 to 30 cm thick layer of dark grey sand that overlies pumiceous deposits erupted during the Minoan eruption and are found at depths of 30-50 cm below the surface.Composition of the tsunami sand is similar to the composition of the present-day beach sand but differs from the pumiceous gravelly deposits on which it rests. The spatial distribution of the tsunami deposits was compared to available historical records and to the results of numerical simulations of tsunami inundation. Different source mechanisms were tested: earthquakes, underwater explosions, caldera collapse, and pyroclastic flows. The most probable source of the 1650 AD Kolumbo tsunami is a 250 m high water surface displacement generated by underwater explosion with an energy of ~2 × 10 16 J at water depths between 20 and 150 m. The tsunamigenic explosion(s) occurred on September 29, 1650 during the transition between submarine and subaerial phases of the eruption. Caldera subsidence is not an efficient tsunami source mechanism as short (and probably unrealistic) collapse durations (< 5 minutes) are needed. Pyroclastic flows cannot be discarded, but the required flux (10 6 to 10 7 m³.s -1 ) is exceptionally high compared to the magnitude of the eruption.

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“…Volcano tsunamis in Southeast Asia area reviewed by Paris et al (2014). The 27 August 1883 Krakatau volcano in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, generated a tsunami that devastated the adjacent coastlines of Java and Sumatra with a maximum run-up height of 42 m. At least 36,000 people were killed (mostly by the tsunami), see, e.g., Verbeek (1885), Symons (1888), Murty (1977), Simkin and Fiske (1983), Bryant (2001), Choi et al (2003), and Pelinovsky et al (2005).…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no historic reports of volcano tsunamis reaching Peninsular Malaysia. Further, Paris et al (2014) report that the sources of past volcano tsunami events in Southeast Asia are all located further east. Except from the 1888 Ritter Island and the 1883 Krakatau tsunamis, all victims of the past events were less than 20 km from the source.…”

Section: Tsunamigenic Landslide and Volcano Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal inundation multi-hazard analysis for a construction site in Malaysia

Harbitz

Kaiser

Glimsdal

et al. 2016

IJRAM

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Coastal inundation due to multiple hazards was analysed for a potential manufacturing plant at the Batu Kawan Industrial Park in Penang state, Malaysia. The analysis accounted for river floods, rainfall and flash floods, cyclones, tides, storm surges, sea-level rise, and tsunamis. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and the effects of climate changes were also briefly evaluated. The proposed site elevation of 2.60 m LSD (land survey data level; 30 cm above mean sea level) will probably be reached by both the 100-year flood and the Coastal inundation multi-hazard analysis for a construction site in Malaysia 143100-year combined tide and storm surge. The flooding risk is low, but coincidence with storm surge or high tide will aggravate the situation. Sea level rise over the next 100 years is assumed less than 0.55 m. The relative level for the other hazards was found to be lower. A further comparison of the various hazard levels is not meaningful without considering also the consequences (i.e., the risk).Keywords: multi-hazard analysis; manufacturing site; flood; cyclone; tide; storm surge; sea-level rise; SLR; tsunami; earthquake; volcano; Penang State, Malaysia.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Harbitz, C.B., Kaiser, G., Glimsdal. S., Jaedicke, C., Vafeidis, A.T., Göthlich, S.E., Høydal, Ø.A., Løvholt, F. and Nadim, F. (2016) Christian Jaedicke is a Technical Lead Avalanches at NGI Oslo, Division of Natural Hazards. His research interests include meteorological hazards such as snow avalanches, landslides, and floods, as well as early warning, vulnerability, and risk analysis. He holds an MSc in Hydrology from Uppsala University. He holds a PhD in Arctic Meteorology from University of Bergen/University Center on Svalbard. Athanasios T. Vafeidis holds a position as a Professor in Coastal Systems andHazards at Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Institute of Geography. His research focuses on assessing climate-change induced impacts in coastal regions and on understanding how coastal systems respond to combined pressure from natural and anthropogenic forcings. He holds a MEng in Surveying Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens and a MSc and PhD in Physical Geography from King's College London.Stephan E. Göthlich holds a Master's degree (Diploma) in Economics and Business Administration. In his PhD thesis, he analysed the emergence of collaborative business ecosystems. He has more than ten years' experience from business life. While in his position as business developer at Bosch Solar Energy AG he was responsible for global scouting for manufacturing sites. Currently, he is focusing on applying game theory approaches on negotiations and risk analysis in global sourcing processes (for Robert Bosch GmbH). 144 C.B. Harbitz et al.Øyvind Armand Høydal is a Senior Engineer at NGI Oslo, Division of Natural Hazards. He does consulting related to natural hazards including floods, debris flows, snow avalanches, landslides, and geotechnical stability by field assessment as well as numeric...

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Volcanic tsunami: a review of source mechanisms, past events and hazards in Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea)

Cited by 135 publications

References 63 publications

Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

Source of the tsunami generated by the 1650 AD eruption of Kolumbo submarine volcano (Aegean Sea, Greece)

Coastal inundation multi-hazard analysis for a construction site in Malaysia

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