Volcanic Scoria as Cement Replacement

Abstract

Numerous volcanic scoria (VS) cones are found in many places of the world. Many of them have not yet been investigated, although few have been used as binders for a very long time. The use of natural pozzolans as cement replacement could be considered as a common practice in the construction industry due to the related economic, ecologic and performance benefits. This chapter highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the use of volcanic scoria as cement replacement in concrete mixes in terms of fresh and hardened concrete properties. The chemical and mineralogical composition of volcanic scoria samples collected from 36 countries is presented in this chapter, with some further analysis. The effects of using volcanic scoria as cement replacement on some paste, mortar and concrete properties, such as the setting times, the heat of hydration, the compressive strength, the water permeability and the chloride penetrability, have been studied. The improvement in resistance against the chemical attack of volcanic scoria-based cement mortar has also been highlighted. Some estimation equations depending on the data available in literature have also been derived from the analyzed data. The modification of the microstructure of VS-based cement paste has been confirmed, as well.

Efficiency of nano-volcanic scoria in the concrete binder

“…Volcanic scoria cones exist in large numbers around the world, such as in Syria, Turkey, Iran and others [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. One may find more details on the use of VS as a substitute for Portland cement, in the chapter recently published by the author [11].…”

Partial replacement of sand with marble waste and scoria for normal strength concrete production

“…The use of marble powder is more effective as a substitute for sand which is revealed by [28]. The presence of scoria improves the strength of concrete by creating condensed C-S-H gel with the presence of CaO and SiO 2, whereas marble powder is microfine filler, by filler effect it improves the compressive strength of scoria according to those [24,27,28] researchers, which is done on marble waste and scoria individually as cement and sand replacement. Since CaO and SiO 2 are major cement making oxides different studies shows that, replacing marble waste and scoria individually as cement improve the compressive strength due to the presence of those cement making oxides produce additional C-S-H gel but in this study since marble waste and scoria used as a sand and the methodology of using marble and scoria as sand and cement is different so, it requires more advanced microstructure investigation to determine the extent of the effect of marble waste and scoria on compressive strength.…”

“…The chemical and Mineralogical composition of volcanic scoria varies widely and depends on its source. Owing to their formation process scoria, volcanic scoria consists of crystalline and non-crystalline particles as glassy particles [24]. Scoria ejected during basaltic eruptions vary considerably in its vesicularity, but densities are much greater than those pumice materials.…”

“…The result of the chemical analysis of the marble waste and scoria sample are given in [24,27]. Marble powder is a micro-fine filler; due to this filler effect, concrete strength is enhanced.…”

Applicability of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Volcanic Scoria‐Based Concrete

“…); (ii) others derived from rocks and earths [7]. An overview on the use of volcanic scoria as cement replacement can be found in the paper recently published by the author [8]. Although there are numerous works on using natural pozzolan as a substitute for cement, few studies investigating on volcanic scoria have been reported in the literature.…”