Volcanic hazards of the Colli Albani

Carapezza, Maria Luisa; Barberi, F.; Tarchini, Luca; Ranaldi, Massimo; Ricci, Tullio

doi:10.1144/iavcel003.16

Cited by 14 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, we must consider that small dead mammals were repeatedly found within 10-15 m of the vents; this implies that a lethal CO 2 concentration (N 8 vol.%, Carapezza et al, 2011) was frequently reached here, in agreement with the simulation results.…”

Section: Simulation Of Co 2 Dispersion In the Atmosphere And Hazard Asupporting

confidence: 85%

“…14) were only affected by a diluted gas cloud with CO 2 concentrations not exceeding 1000 ppm (a.b.l.). Such concentrations exclude an immediate risk for humans but could sustain a buildup of CO 2 to dangerous concentrations in the basements of poorly ventilated houses or in morphological depressions in the soil (Carapezza et al, 2011;Granieri et al, 2013). At heights of 1.0 m and 1.5 m, which are the typical breathing heights for vehicle drivers and for standing humans, no dangerous CO 2 concentrations were found, though Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Rising CO 2 dissolves in shallow aquifers, up to their saturation and excess free gas pressurizes them when they are confined underneath impervious layers (Carapezza et al, 2012). Dangerous blowouts have occurred, even in urbanized areas, when these pressurized aquifers have been reached by wells, at depths ranging from 350 m to only 10-15 m (Carapezza et al, 2011 and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Simulation Of Co 2 Dispersion In the Atmosphere And Hazard Asupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The measured deformation can be linked to one or more magmatic sources, 4.6 to 7 km deep, below the western flank [ Salvi et al , ; Riguzzi et al , ; Anzidei et al , ]. Here there has been widespread gas emission (mainly CO 2 of magmatic origin and subordinately H 2 S) during Holocene and continuing to the present day [ Tuccimei et al , ; Carapezza et al , , , ]. In particular, Lake Albano, on the western flank, was affected by a large CO 2 input that coincided with the last important seismic swarm in 1989, suggesting an intimate relationship between the addition of deep‐originated CO 2 to the lake and seismic activity.…”

Section: Types Of Caldera Unrestmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of recent (1988 to 2014) caldera unrest: Knowledge and perspectives

Acocella

Lorenzo

Newhall³

et al. 2015

Reviews of Geophysics

152

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Calderas are among the most active and dangerous volcanoes. Caldera unrest is defined by enhanced seismicity, gravity changes, surface deformation, and degassing. Although much caldera unrest does not lead to an eruption, every eruption is preceded by an unrest episode. Therefore, the proper description of unrest and the forecast of its possible outcome is a timely and challenging task. Here we review the best known unrest at calderas from 1988 to 2014, building on previous work and proposing an updated database. Where established, the root cause for unrest is always magmatic; none was purely hydrothermal or tectonic. An interpretive classification of unrest invokes two spectra-compositional (mafic to felsic) and the state of magma conduits feeding from the magma reservoir(s) to the surface (from fully plugged, through semiplugged, to open). Magma and gas in open conduits can rise and erupt freely; magma in semiplugged conduits erupts less frequently yet still allows some gas to escape; plugged conduits allow neither magma nor gas to escape. Unrest in mafic calderas is subtler, less pronounced, and repeated, especially with open systems, ensuring the continuous, aseismic, and moderate release of magma. Plugged felsic calderas erupt infrequently, anticipated by isolated, short and seismically active unrest. Semiplugged felsic calderas also erupt infrequently and are restless over decades or centuries, with uplift, seismicity, and degassing and, on the longer-term, resurgence, suggesting repeated stalled intrusions. Finally, the expected advances in better understanding caldera unrest are discussed.

show abstract

“…The gas and mud eruptions started on 24 August 2013, in the middle of a roundabout (Figure 1). The area is part of the Tiber river delta and lies in one of the most active geothermal systems of Europe, associated with Quaternary, quiescent caldera systems [Giordano et al, 2014] [Chiodini and Frondini, 2001;Carapezza et al, 2010] creates oversaturated and overpressurized reservoirs at various crustal depths, up to very shallow levels [Todesco and Giordano, 2010]. Episodes of gas and mud eruptions in the Roman area are not uncommon and in recent times are mostly associated with shallow drilling crosscutting impermeable layers that cap pressurized reservoirs [Carapezza et al, 2003[Carapezza et al, , 2015Barberi et al, 2007;Carapezza and Tarchini, 2007;Ciotoli et al, 2013;Bigi et al, 2014;Sella et al, 2014].…”

Section: Geological Setting and Chronology Of Fiumicino Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascent velocity and dynamics of the Fiumicino mud eruption, Rome, Italy

Vona

Giordano

Benedetti

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In August 2013 drilling triggered the eruption of mud near the international airport of Fiumicino (Rome, Italy). We monitored the evolution of the eruption and collected samples for laboratory characterization of physicochemical and rheological properties. Over time, muds show a progressive dilution with water; the rheology is typical of pseudoplastic fluids, with a small yield stress that decreases as mud density decreases. The eruption, while not naturally triggered, shares several similarities with natural mud volcanoes, including mud componentry, grain‐size distribution, gas discharge, and mud rheology. We use the size of large ballistic fragments ejected from the vent along with mud rheology to compute a minimum ascent velocity of the mud. Computed values are consistent with in situ measurements of gas phase velocities, confirming that the stratigraphic record of mud eruptions can be quantitatively used to infer eruption history and ascent rates and hence to assess (or reassess) mud eruption hazards.

show abstract

Volcanic hazards of the Colli Albani

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment

Gas blowout from shallow boreholes near Fiumicino International Airport (Rome): Gas origin and hazard assessment

An overview of recent (1988 to 2014) caldera unrest: Knowledge and perspectives

Ascent velocity and dynamics of the Fiumicino mud eruption, Rome, Italy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About