“…Model uncertainty also results from the unpredictability of volcano eruptions and from the complexity of processes linking the eruption to the climate response (cf. Chim et al, 2023, andZanchettin, 2023). As regards the feedback effect of thawing permafrost soils Keuschnig et al (2022) obtain a similar result because they find that changes in soil properties, plant cover and microbial communities will reduce methane emissions in former permafrost soils.…”