Volcanic Debris Avalanche Transport and Emplacement Mechanisms

Paguican, Engielle Mae; Roverato, Matteo; Yoshida, Hidetsugu

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_7

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…These longitudinal transformations have been observed in other similar VDADs by Voight et al (1983) and Takarada et al (1999) and suggest combined kinematics involving a translational slide and a plug flow during the debris avalanche transport and deposition. This combined model is called multiple shear zones (Paguican et al 2021). Whereas the translational slide is typical of an unconfined landscape and is governed by large listric normal faults converging at the sliding plane, the plug flow consists of a less deformed plug layer and a highly deformed laminar boundary localized at the base or the confined flow margins (Paguican et al 2021).…”

Section: Avalanche Emplacement and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This combined model is called multiple shear zones (Paguican et al 2021). Whereas the translational slide is typical of an unconfined landscape and is governed by large listric normal faults converging at the sliding plane, the plug flow consists of a less deformed plug layer and a highly deformed laminar boundary localized at the base or the confined flow margins (Paguican et al 2021). As observed in Antuco, the confined avalanche results in long run out distances (e.g., Tost et al 2014; tens of km from the source) but also substantial thickening of the flow (e.g., McLeod and Pittari 2021).…”

Section: Avalanche Emplacement and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the clay-rich matrix. The mobility of VDAs can be highly influenced by water, allowing their transformation into lahars or debris flows (e.g., Scott et al 2001;Roverato et al 2011;Delcamp et al 2017;Paguican et al 2021). Delcamp et al (2016) estimate that a 4-km 3 cone can fill its 30% with water in a climate characterized by ~ 1000 mm year −1 (see Delcamp et al 2016).…”

Section: Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts

Romero

Moreno²,

Polacci

et al. 2022

Landslides

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Antuco (37.4°S, 71.4°W; Chile) is a dominantly basaltic stratovolcano whose original ~ 3300 m altitude main cone experienced a catastrophic sector collapse at ~ 7.1 cal ka BP, producing a volcanic debris avalanche deposit (VDAD) with hummocky surface and ~ 6.4 km3 of volume. We carried out geological studies of its debris avalanche deposit, which was distributed to the W and displays a longitudinal facies transformation from edifice’s megablocks and block to mixed facies in distal areas (up to 25 km from the scar). Our observations support the behavior of the avalanche beginning as a translational slide, and then as plug flow when confined within the Laja River valley. Clay abundance and high content of hydrothermally altered material may suggest active participation of water; flow velocities are estimated to ~100 m s−1. We primarily identify the steep-sided flanks of the cone, and hydrothermal alteration promoted the edifice instability, while basement seismogenic structures may have ultimately triggered the landslide. Subsequent landslide-led events include the transformation of the volcanic activity with explosive eruptions producing a sequence of dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) ending ~3.4 ky BP, and extensive lava effusion rapidly reconstructing the collapsed edifice. Moreover, the Antuco VDAD also blocked the natural output of the Laja Lake, increasing its level by ~200 m and then triggering cataclysmic outburst floods by dam rupture, preserved as high-energy alluvial beds with ages between 2.8 and 1.7 ky BP. The Antuco constitutes an excellent example of a critical chain of events initiated by a stratovolcano lateral collapse and warns for detailed hazard investigations to better comprehend its related impacts.

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Section: Avalanche Emplacement and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Avalanche Emplacement and Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts

Romero

Moreno²,

Polacci

et al. 2022

Landslides

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“…The Kaminagawa Formation often intrudes into the Tpfl deposit and occurs as a lens (Figures 5C,D). These complex hummock structures were attributed to the non-welded nature of the Tpfl deposit (Goto et al, 2019) and suggest that the Tpfl deposit was mixed with other blocks and fragmented during the transport and emplacement of the ZDA (Dufresne et al, 2021;Paguican et al, 2021).…”

Section: Lithofacies Of the Zenkoji Debris Avalanche Depositmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-investigation of the sector collapse timing of Usu volcano, Japan, inferred from reworked ash deposits caused by debris avalanche

Nakagawa

Matsumoto²,

Yoshizawa³

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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It is essential to establish the timing of past sector collapse events at a volcanic edifice to evaluate not only the evolution of the volcanic system but also potential volcanic hazards. This can be done by determining the age of the collapse-generated debris avalanche deposits. However, without evidence of an associated magmatic eruption, it is impossible to recognize juvenile materials in these deposits. Thus, it is usually difficult to determine the precise age of sector collapse. Usu is a post-caldera volcano of the Toya Caldera (Hokkaido, Japan) and has been constructed since ca. 19–18 ka on top of the caldera-forming Toya pyroclastic flow deposits (Tpfl deposit: 106 ka). A sector collapse occurred after the formation of a stratovolcano edifice and produced the Zenkoji debris avalanche (ZDA) deposit with reported ages ranging from >20 to 6 ka. We investigated the tephrostratigraphy preserved in the soil above the ZDA deposit and in the surrounding area and recognized fine ash fall deposits at two locations, above and east of the ZDA deposit. The glass shards within these deposits were correlated with several tephra layers with the majority being derived from Tpfl deposits. Thus, these ash deposits should be considered reworked tephra. A considerable number of hummocks in the ZDA deposit were also composed of deformed and fragmented Tpfl deposits, which suggests that the ZDA bulldozed and partially incorporated the Tpfl deposit on the flank of the volcano. Deformation and fragmentation of the non-welded soft silicic Tpfl deposit during the transport and emplacement of the ZDA produced an accompanying ash cloud, which deposited the observed glassy, fine, ash fall units. Radiocarbon dating of soil samples directly below and above the reworked ash deposits allowed dating the sector collapse to ca. 8 ka. This age is much younger than previously proposed results. Based on our findings, the transport and emplacement mechanism of the sector collapse should be revised. Our study shows that reworked ash layers caused by the flow of a debris avalanche can be used as an indicator of the timing of a sector collapse of the volcano.

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“…However, any model regarding the propagation and emplacement of VDAs/RAs must be consistent with their morphological, sedimentological and structural features (Cruden and Varnes, 1996;Pudasaini and Hutter, 2007;. Propagation is here defined as the flow regime phase of a VDA, and emplacement refers to the final deceleration and deposition of the material (Paguican et al, 2021). Although VDA/RA deposits are complex, detailed study of their internal architecture and sedimentology can provide information regarding their dynamics (Dufresne and Dunning, 2017) as demonstrated by dedicated field studies (including but not limited to Smyth, 1991;Glicken, 1996;Roverato and Capra, 2013;Roverato et al, 2015;Dufresne et al, 2016b;Dufresne and Dunning, 2017;Paguican et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed stress fluidisation: Insights into the propagation mechanisms of the Abona volcanic debris avalanche (Tenerife) through a novel method for indurated deposit sedimentological analysis

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Introduction: Volcanic debris avalanches mobilise large volumes and achieve long runouts with high destructive potential. However, the propagation processes that generate them are not currently explained by theoretical or numerical models, which are unable to represent deposit observations. Evaluation of the dynamics represented in deposits is therefore vital for constraining su ch models. The Abona volcanic debris avalanche deposit is located on the southern flank of the island of Tenerife, Spain. The deposit exhibits universal microfracturing and cataclasis. Fluidal features such as fluidal mixing of lithological units and diffuse boundaries, and mixed matrix are observed throughout the deposit.Methods: Field description including sedimentology and facies identification and the evaluation of their distribution have allowed the generation of a new conceptual model for the propagation dynamics of this volcanic debris avalanche, and potentially others with similar properties. The deposit is indurated making the detailed study of its sedimentology difficult, especially clast-size analysis. A novel method utilising structure from motion photogrammetry and photographic sampling was employed.Results: The universal cataclasis of the material and fluidal features suggest that the lack of a major competent material component allowed the mass to fragment and enabled fluidised granular flow behaviour. It is proposed that shear was periodically distributed throughout the body of the avalanche in chaotic temporary shear networks rearranging according to the instantaneous distribution of the mass. Stress and agitation were not temporally or spatially homogenous during propagation. This is also reflected in the unsystematic erosion of the substrate according to the variable basal shear accommodation.Discussion: It is proposed that lithological properties are potentially a determining factor for the propagation mechanisms, stress distribution, and consequently the evolution of a volcanic debris avalanche from the initial collapse to its emplacement. This study highlights the importance of dedicated field examinations of sedimentological, morphological, and structural features for providing constraints for models of volcanic debris avalanche dynamics and the factors dictating them. The novel methodology proposed has the potential of broadening the number of events that can be studied and enhancing the understanding of these complex and hazardous phenomena.

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Volcanic Debris Avalanche Transport and Emplacement Mechanisms

Cited by 8 publications

References 99 publications

Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts

Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts

Re-investigation of the sector collapse timing of Usu volcano, Japan, inferred from reworked ash deposits caused by debris avalanche

Distributed stress fluidisation: Insights into the propagation mechanisms of the Abona volcanic debris avalanche (Tenerife) through a novel method for indurated deposit sedimentological analysis

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