Volcanic Crisis Management

Jolly, Gill; Cruz, Servando De La

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385938-9.00068-7

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Explosive eruptions can generate lethal hazards, and thus special attention is needed to monitor and properly interpret the signs of unrest in anticipation of the eruption (Jolly and de la Cruz, 2015). Yet for many eruptions, dedicated volcano monitoring efforts are not enough to anticipate their explosivity, when the eruption will occur, and how it will progress with time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Fluxing and Accumulation Drive Decadal and Short-Lived Explosive Basaltic Andesite Eruptions Preceded by Limited Volcanic Unrest

Utami

Costa

Lesage

et al. 2021

Journal of Petrology

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Some volcanoes are known for repeatedly producing explosive but short-lived eruptions (< half a day) every decade or so. These eruptions are often preceded by limited unrest signals and short run-up times to eruption (a few hours to months), and thus they are difficult to anticipate. Some well-documented examples are the 1990 and 2014 eruptions of Kelud volcano in Indonesia, or the 2015 Calbuco eruption in Chile. Here we interrogate the rock record and obtain insights into the processes and pre-eruptive conditions that led to the 1990 Kelud eruption, which we integrate with monitoring data (seismicity, lake temperature and hydro-acoustics, sulfur emissions) towards a conceptual model for this type of events. Mineral-melt geothermobarometers indicate that the basaltic andesite magma carried a crystal cargo from as deep as 15-19 km, and reached volatile saturation at 4-9 km with 2-4 wt. % water in the melt. The textures and compositional zoning of orthopyroxene and plagioclase do not support intrusion of more primitive magma as the driver for the eruption, and we instead propose that pre-eruptive fluid accumulation and high-temperature fluid fluxing from depth (likely dominated by CO2) played a major role in priming the eruption to occur. Such pre-eruptive gas accumulation is also supported by mass balance calculation of the emitted excess SO2 gas. Mg-Fe diffusion profiles in reversely zoned pyroxenes constrain timescales of weeks to months before eruption for fluid addition to the reservoir, and such events may be recorded in the monitoring signals, especially in the change of hydroacoustics and water lake temperature, and probably in the seismic swarms. We propose that fluid exsolution and accumulation in the shallow reservoir plays a crucial role in modulating and triggering short-lived explosive eruptions with brief unrest at Kelud and probably other volcanoes worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Fluxing and Accumulation Drive Decadal and Short-Lived Explosive Basaltic Andesite Eruptions Preceded by Limited Volcanic Unrest

Utami

Costa

Lesage

et al. 2021

Journal of Petrology

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“…This is important because low levels of volcanic risk perception are common since volcanic eruptions occur less frequently than other natural hazards (Carlino et al, 2008). In addition, volcanoes are often located in tourist areas, where visitors may lack risk awareness and perception (Bird et al, 2010), which can be a significant problem in crisis management (De la Cruz-Ryna et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussion: Framing Art To Unveil the Intrinsic Connection B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

Acuña,

Clunes,

Riffo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The separation between nature and society, of concern within social science and interdisciplinary discussions, has generated a division that often characterizes the way communities perceive their environment. The arts have played an important role in demonstrating the entanglement of Earth and society through their ability to frame and shape the dynamics of the Earth across sensations. This has been achieved through various explorations of the artistic language, delving into colors, shapes, sizes, compositions, and more. However, the capacity for art to play this role is often underestimated. Through an examination of artistic representations in Chile, we seek to show how the proximity of Chilean society to the presence of volcanoes has been eloquently conveyed through various artistic styles throughout different historical epochs. Our study extends from the birth of the Chilean nation in 1818 to 2021, and examines a wide range of artistic representations, that encompass national symbols, image-making techniques, sculpture, art installations, poetry, music, and audiovisual works. Our research represents a pioneering effort to explore the diverse representations of volcanoes in Chile and has uncovered a remarkable diversity of artistic expressions that reflects the deep connection between Chilean society and volcanic processes and landscapes. Ever-present and often breathtaking, volcanoes have served as enduring symbols of national identity and as sources of inspiration for artists of diverse disciplines and aesthetic sensibilities. We show how the arts reveal the relationship between volcanoes and human social life, and we provide the basis for a detailed analysis that explores the temporal and spatial contexts and evolution of the representations of volcanoes presented and the human perception of geological phenomena in Chilean culture.

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Active Hydrothermal Features as Tourist Attractions

Erfurt-Cooper¹

2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Tourists are looking increasingly for adventurous experiences by exploring unusual and interesting landscapes. Active volcanic and hydrothermal landscapes and their remarkable manifestations of geysers, fumaroles and boiling mud ponds are some of the surface features that fascinate visitors of National Parks, Geoparks and World Heritage areas worldwide. The uniqueness of hydrothermal activity based on volcanism has provided popular tourist attractions in many countries for several thousand years. The Romans for example have used hydrothermal springs on the Italian island Ischia and visited the Campi Flegrei for recreational purposes. In Iceland the original Geysir already attracted international visitors over 150 years ago, who came to observe this spectacular hydrothermal phenomenon. In Greece and Turkey volcanic hot springs have historically provided attractive destinations, as well as in New Zealand, Japan and the Americas. The fact that locations with hydrothermal activity based on active volcanism have acquired various forms of protected site status, adds a further dimension to their attraction and demonstrates a significant contribution to sustainable and nature based tourism. Countries such as Iceland, New Zealand and Japan have a long tradition of using hydrothermal activity in its various forms to offer tourists a unique natural experience. These environments however are also known for their unpredictable and potentially hostile nature, as the use of hydrothermal features as a natural resource for tourism does harbour certain risks with the potential to affect human health and safety. to several hundred metres in diameter. Apart from unexpected eruptions of hydrothermal vents with the potential to cause thermal burns, further risk factors include seismic activity such as earthquakes, lethal gas emissions of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) as well as ground instability through hydrothermal alteration. While it is essential to prevent injuries to tourists the management of hydrothermal hazards remains problematic. Precursory signs are not well understood by the general public and the communication of imminent danger is frequently unachievable. As a consequence serious thought needs to be given to the risk factors and the potential danger of areas in the proximity of active hydrothermal manifestations such as extreme hot springs and geysers. To improve the safety standards in hydrothermal landscapes that are used as main features in tourism, strategic guidelines for best practice management must cover ALL active volcanic and hydrothermal areas. This chapter looks at management issues at hydrothermal destinations with special consideration of areas where these unique features are integrated as tourist attractions. Examples from destinations traditionally based on active volcanic and hydrothermal phenomena are presented as case studies to highlight the risk management processes in individual countries. Potential hazards in volcanic and hydrothermal areas are assessed with a focus on the prevention of acciden...

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Volcanic Crisis Management

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Fluid Fluxing and Accumulation Drive Decadal and Short-Lived Explosive Basaltic Andesite Eruptions Preceded by Limited Volcanic Unrest

Fluid Fluxing and Accumulation Drive Decadal and Short-Lived Explosive Basaltic Andesite Eruptions Preceded by Limited Volcanic Unrest

Intertwining volcanoes and society in Chile through arts and interdisciplinary connections

Active Hydrothermal Features as Tourist Attractions

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