Volcanic ash-leachates: a review and recommendations for sampling methods

Witham, Claire; Oppenheimer, Clive; Horwell, Claire J.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.11.010

Cited by 239 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…One explanation to the higher aerosol potassium (K) content in the CARIBIC samples could be fractioning in concentration between different sizes of ash particles in the samples analyzed, due to a larger surface area to mass ratio of small particles. Small ash particles remain in the plume longer than larger particles, and cool faster, which favors condensation of volatiles onto the smaller particles (Witham et al, 2005). Among the elements presented in Fig.…”

Section: Ash Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One missing element was accepted to account for the risk of contamination due to mixing in the atmosphere and since it is likely that the composition of ash from different eruptions is not exactly the same. The ash composition depends on the magma type as well as on the absorption of volatiles onto the ash particles which is controlled by a number of factors such as eruption type, concentration of gases and particles and particle size (Witham et al, 2005). As can be seen from Fig.…”

Section: Ash Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10–12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajökull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (&sim;45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50–77%) and carbon (21–43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 ± 22 days

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Section: Ash Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ash Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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“…Removal of vapor-and liquid-phase components from volcanic plumes occurs through heterogeneous chemical processes and adsorption onto the surfaces of ash particles, followed by sedimentation through dry and wet deposition (Delmelle et al 2005). Desorption of chemical compounds from particulates to water transfers a suite of elements and ions that include Cl, Ca, Na, SO 4 2-, Mg, and F in a time frame of only minutes (Witham et al 2005). The presence of fl uorine increases fl uxes of silicon, phosphorus, and iron (Jones and Gislason 2008).…”

Section: Environmental and Human Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric and Environmental Impacts of Volcanic Particulates

2010

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V olcanic emissions consist of a mixture of gases, aerosol, and silicate particles, which collectively span seven orders of magnitude in size. Airborne ash and sulfate aerosol in the lower atmosphere has shortlived atmospheric and climatic effects. Volcanic aerosol injected high into the stratosphere impacts atmospheric chemical cycles and the solar and terrestrial radiation budgets, and may infl uence climate over longer timescales than aerosol particles in the lower atmosphere. Once at the surface, the impacts on local environments can be substantial through transport of halogens, trace metals, and metalloids, and subsequent leaching in aqueous solutions. Volcanic emissions may cause disruption to travel and aviation, and may damage surface infrastructure, potentially causing large economic losses.

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“…As a general rule, halite is one of the predominant species released on the first exposure of volcanic ash to water [Delmelle et al, 2007;Witham et al, 2005]. Because of the condensation of magmatic water vapor when thermal equilibrium is reached, most of halite is likely scavenged along with other very soluble species before the plume reaches the upper troposphere.…”

Section: A Possible Additional Time Marker: the 1991 Volcán Hudson Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

A promising location in Patagonia for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions revealed by a shallow firn core from Monte San Valentín (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile)

et al. 2008

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International audienceThe study of past climate variability from ice core investigations has been largely developed both in polar areas over the past decades and, more recently, in tropical regions, specifically along the South American Andes between 0° and 20°S. However a large gap still remains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. In this framework, a 15.3-m long shallow firn core has been extracted in March 2005 from the summit plateau of Monte San Valentín (3747 m, 46°35′S, 73°19′W) in the Northern Patagonia Icefield to test its potential for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The firn temperature is −11.9°C at 10-m depth allowing to expect well preserved both chemical and isotopic signals, unperturbed by water percolation. The dating of the core, on the basis of a multi-proxy approach combining annual layer counting and radionuclide measurements, shows that past environment and climate can be reconstructed back to the mid-1960s. A mean annual snow accumulation rate of 36 ± 3 cm year−1 (i.e., 19 ± 2 g cm−2 year−1) is inferred, with a snow density varying between 0.35 and 0.6 g cm−3, which is much lower than accumulation rates previously reported in Patagonia at lower elevations. Here, we present and discuss high-resolution profiles of the isotopic composition of the snow and selected chemical markers. These data provide original information on environmental conditions prevailing over Southern Patagonia in terms of air masses trajectories and origins and biogeochemical reservoirs. Our main conclusion is that the San Valentín site is not only influenced by air masses originating from the southern Pacific and directly transported by the prevailing west winds but also by inputs from South American continental sources from the E–NE, sometimes mixed with circumpolar aged air masses, the relative influence of these two very distinct source areas changing at the interannual timescale. Thus this site should offer a wealth of information regarding (South) Pacific, Argentinian NE–E areas and Antarctic climate variability

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Volcanic ash-leachates: a review and recommendations for sampling methods

Cited by 239 publications

References 65 publications

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Atmospheric and Environmental Impacts of Volcanic Particulates

A promising location in Patagonia for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstructions revealed by a shallow firn core from Monte San Valentín (Northern Patagonia Icefield, Chile)

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