Volcanic ash fall hazard and risk

Jenkins, Susanna F.; Wilson, Thomas; Magill, Christina; Miller, V.; Stewart, Carol; Blong, Russell; Marzocchi, Warner; Boulton, Mike; Bonadonna, Costanza; Costa, Ana Cristina

doi:10.1017/cbo9781316276273.005

Cited by 101 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Eruptions from the volcano are typically ash‐rich and occur after gas that has been accumulated under a plug of degassed, crystalline magma causes the plug to fail (Iguchi et al, ). Emissions from the volcano affect the air quality (Poulidis, Takemi, et al, ) and pose a risk to the surrounding communities (e.g., Hansell & Oppenheimer, ; Horwell & Baxter, ; Hillman et al, ; Jenkins et al, ; Lähde et al, ; Wilson et al, ).…”

Section: Location and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Wind and Atmospheric Stability on the Morphology of Volcanic Plumes From Vulcanian Eruptions

2019

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Volcanic plumes from small and moderate eruptions represent a challenge in the study of plume morphology due to eruption source parameter uncertainties and atmospheric influence. Sakurajima volcano, Japan, features such activity and due to its continuous eruptions in the recent years provides an ideal natural laboratory. A data set of 896 eruptions between 2009 and 2016 with well‐constrained plume heights, estimated erupted mass, and associated atmospheric conditions has been compiled. Plume heights ranged between 1,500 and 5,000 m and mainly developed under stable atmospheric stratification and low background wind speeds. The eruptions presented in the database were used to drive FPLUME, a 1‐D integral volcanic plume model, to study the simulated plume morphology. FPLUME was seen to provide consistent results under stable atmospheric stratification. A method for the real‐time monitoring of erupted mass used in the Sakurajima observatory was seen to provide appropriate first guess estimates for the eruptions, showing agreement with analytical and simulated mass flow rate calculations. Volcanic plumes from Sakurajima show significant influence by the atmospheric environment. The plume scaling parameter (Π) was used to characterize the expected degree of plume bending with results correlating well against modeled plume angles. The vertical wind profile was seen to have a significant impact on the resolved plume. Wind shear characteristics were seen to have a mechanical effect on the plume, aiding or inhibiting bending. Finally, potential issues were identified in simulations under unstable atmospheric conditions as the model either failed to provide a solution or overestimated the plume height.

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Section: Location and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Wind and Atmospheric Stability on the Morphology of Volcanic Plumes From Vulcanian Eruptions

2019

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“…The maximum isomass contour area (120 kg/m 2 ) is located at 55 km ENE from the source. Impacts due to large amount of volcanic tephra fall in urban area are critical, such as on transportations (especially aircrafts) and power supply (e.g., Jenkins et al, 2015;Wilson et al, 2015). These tephra fall volcanic hazard assessments may be important for the risk mitigation of future Mt.…”

Section: Application Of Tephra2 Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Volcanic Hazards Assessment Support System for the Online Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation of Quaternary Volcanoes in the World

Takarada

2017

Front. Earth Sci.

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Volcanic hazards assessment tools are essential for risk mitigation of volcanic activities. A number of offline volcanic hazard assessment tools have been provided, but in most cases, they require relatively complex installation procedure and usage. This situation causes limited usage of volcanic hazard assessment tools among volcanologists and volcanic hazards communities. In addition, volcanic eruption chronology and detailed database of each volcano in the world are essential key information for volcanic hazard assessment, but most of them are isolated and not connected to and with each other. The Volcanic Hazard Assessment Support System aims to implement a user-friendly, WebGIS-based, open-access online system for potential hazards assessment and risk-mitigation of Quaternary volcanoes in the world. The users can get up-to-date information such as eruption chronology and geophysical monitoring data of a specific volcano using the direct link system to major volcano databases on the system. Currently, the system provides 3 simple, powerful and notable deterministic modeling simulation codes of volcanic processes, such as Energy Cone, Titan2D and Tephra2. The system provides deterministic tools because probabilistic assessment tools are normally much more computationally demanding. By using the volcano hazard assessment system, the area that would be affected by volcanic eruptions in any location near the volcano can be estimated using numerical simulations. The system is being implemented using the ASTER Global DEM covering 2790 Quaternary volcanoes in the world. The system can be used to evaluate volcanic hazards and move this toward risk-potential by overlaying the estimated distribution of volcanic gravity flows or tephra falls on major roads, houses and evacuation areas using the GIS-enabled systems. The system is developed for all users in the world who need volcanic hazards assessment tools.

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“…There is a wealth of tacit knowledge on audience-map engagement and hazard communication gained from practice that is not captured in this summary. However, a key theme which emerges from the case studies and work reviewed in this chapter is that an audience-based, Jenkins et al (2015) evidence-backed approach to visual design of hazard maps can help facilitate clear hazard communication. As with most communication approaches, hazard map design is not "one-size-fits all", and cannot be guided by a single universal framework or design solution.…”

Section: Visualising Hazard In Different Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

More Than Meets the Eye: Volcanic Hazard Map Design and Visual Communication

Thompson

Lindsay

Leonard

2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Volcanic hazard maps depict areas that may be affected by dangerous volcanic processes, such as pyroclastic density currents, lava flows, lahars, and tephra fall. These visualisations of volcanic hazard information are used to communicate with a wide variety of audiences both during times of dormancy and volcanic crisis. Although most volcanic hazard maps show similar types of content, such as hazard footprints or zones, they vary greatly in communication style, appearance, and visual design. For example, maps for different volcanoes will use different combinations of graphics, symbols, colours, base maps, legends, and text. While this variety is a natural reflection of the diverse social, cultural, political, and volcanic settings in which the maps are created, crises and past work suggest that such visual design choices can potentially play an important role in volcanic crisis communication by influencing how people understand the hazard map and use it to make decisions. Map reading is a complex process, in which people construct meaning by interpreting the various visual representations within the context of their information needs, goals, knowledge, and experience. Visual design of the map and the characteristics of the hazard map audience can therefore influence how hazard maps are understood and applied. Here, we review case studies of volcanic crises and interdisciplinary research that addresses the relationship between hazard maps, visual design, and communication. Overall, this growing body of work suggests that volcanic hazard maps can be very useful visual tools for crisis communication if they are designed in a way that provides clear and useful information for the audience. Further, while it is important that each map is designed for its unique situation and setting, engaging with hazard map audiences to better understand their information needs and considering lessons learnt from interdisciplinary work on visual communication can help inform and guide knowledge exchange using maps.

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Volcanic ash fall hazard and risk

Cited by 101 publications

References 72 publications

The Effect of Wind and Atmospheric Stability on the Morphology of Volcanic Plumes From Vulcanian Eruptions

The Effect of Wind and Atmospheric Stability on the Morphology of Volcanic Plumes From Vulcanian Eruptions

The Volcanic Hazards Assessment Support System for the Online Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation of Quaternary Volcanoes in the World

More Than Meets the Eye: Volcanic Hazard Map Design and Visual Communication

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