Volcanic ash as fertiliser for the surface ocean

Langmann, Bärbel; Zakšek, Klemen; Hort, Matthias; Duggen, Svend

doi:10.5194/acp-10-3891-2010

Cited by 211 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Upon iron deposition associated with volcanic ash deposition during 9-11 August, the summer bloom is considerably intensified, reaching more than 8 µmol C L −1 . This bloom, lasting for several weeks, consists mainly of diatoms, and it is therefore in good agreement with measurements (Langmann et al, 2010a;Hamme et al, 2010). Without iron deposition, phytoplankton concentration remains at about 4 µmol C L −1 during late summer/early autumn.…”

Section: Model Results and Comparison With Observationssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The ash cloud formed an anticlockwise spiral at altitudes between 9 km and 14 km and spread further eastward across the NE Pacific (Fig. 2) (Langmann et al, 2010a). Using an atmosphere-aerosol model, the release, dispersion and deposition of the Kasatochi ash was determined by Langmann et al (2010b).…”

Section: Kasatochi Volcanic Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three major explosive events occurred with eruption plumes rising to altitudes of about 15 km based on MODIS level 1b data at 11 and 12 µm using brightness temperature difference (BTD) (from Langmann et al, 2010a). (Waythomas et al, 2010).…”

Section: Kasatochi Volcanic Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the eruption of Kasatochi volcano on the Aleutian Islands in August 2008, volcanic ash was deposited into the iron-limited oceanic NE Pacific where atmospheric and oceanic conditions were favourable to generate a massive phytoplankton bloom as observed by satellite instruments (Fig. 1) (Langmann et al, 2010a) and in situ measurements (Hamme et al, 2010;Lockwood et al, 2012). The physical-chemical mechanisms behind the processes contributing to bio-available iron production on volcanic ash surfaces in volcanic plumes, where the ash undergoes temperature regimes from about 1000 • C to ambient temperature, are still largely unknown (Ayris and Delmelle, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilisation after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: a regional-scale biogeochemical ocean model study

Lindenthal¹,

Langmann²,

Pätsch³

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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In high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll regions, phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of water-soluble iron. The eruption of Kasatochi volcano in August 2008 led to ash deposition into the iron-limited NE Pacific Ocean. Volcanic ash released iron upon contact with seawater and generated a massive phytoplankton bloom. Here we investigate this event with a one-dimensional ocean biogeochemical column model to illuminate the ocean response to iron fertilisation by volcanic ash. The results indicate that the added iron triggered a phytoplankton bloom in the summer of 2008. Associated with this bloom, macronutrient concentrations such as nitrate and silicate decline and zooplankton biomass is enhanced in the ocean mixed layer. The simulated development of the drawdown of carbon dioxide and increase of pH in surface seawater is in good agreement with available observations. Sensitivity studies with different supply dates of iron to the ocean emphasise the favourable oceanic conditions in the NE Pacific to generate massive phytoplankton blooms in particular during July and August in comparison to other months. By varying the amount of volcanic ash and associated bio-available iron supplied to the ocean, model results demonstrate that the NE Pacific Ocean has higher, but limited capabilities to consume CO2 after iron fertilisation than those observed after the volcanic eruption of Kasatochi

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Section: Model Results and Comparison With Observationssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Kasatochi Volcanic Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kasatochi Volcanic Eruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilisation after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: a regional-scale biogeochemical ocean model study

Lindenthal¹,

Langmann²,

Pätsch³

et al. 2013

Biogeosciences

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“…Volcanism, especially ash fall, is known as important fertilizer of present day oceanic surface waters, either as primary source of nutrients or as a supply of iron, a biologically limiting key element (Watson 1997;Langmann et al 2010). This fertilization process, which also functioned in the past of the Earth (e.g.…”

Section: The Explosive Late Illyrian Diversity Peak In the Western Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonoid diversification in the Middle Triassic: Examples from the Tethys (Eastern Lombardy, Balaton Highland) and the Pacific (Nevada)

Vörös¹

2014

Central European Geology

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The diversity dynamics of the Anisian ammonoids is analyzed in terms of generic richness and turnover rates in one North American (Nevada) and two western Tethyan (Eastern Lombardy, Balaton Highland) regions. Two pulses of diversification are outlined: one in the middle Anisian (Pelsonian) and another near the end of the late Anisian (late Illyrian). The Pelsonian global diversification is interpreted as an effect of global sea-level rise. In the early late Anisian the ammonoid generic richness definitely decreased both in the western Tethys and in Nevada. The latest Anisian peak of ammonoid diversity was low in Nevada, which is explained by the uniform local sedimentary environment and the absence of major global changes. In the western Tethys the late Illyrian diversity peak was very prominent: ammonoid generic richness, turnover and proportion of originations were very high. This explosive peak is interpreted in terms of major changes of two regional environmental factors: coeval volcanic activity and the control of nearby carbonate platforms. The late Illyrian volcanic ash falls provoked a dramatic increase of ammonoid generic richness by fertilization, i.e. supplying nutrients and iron, thus increasing primary productivity in the ocean. Carbonate platform margins offered diverse habitats with new, empty niches; the microbial mats supplied suspended organic matter for the higher trophic levels and eventually the ammonoids. In the western Tethyan regions platform growth re-appeared after the end-Permian crisis, and significantly increased in the late Illyrian. This was closely followed by the remarkable increase of ammonoid generic richness. Many of the genera which originated during the late Anisian seem to be ecologically connected to the platform or peri-platform environments. It is suggested that this explosive diversity peak is a manifestation of the co-evolution of the Tethyan carbonate platforms and the ammonoids.

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Climate and carbon cycle response to the 1815 Tambora volcanic eruption

et al. 2013

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[1] The sulphur released by the 1815 Tambora volcanic eruption resulted in a net cooling after the eruption. The cold climate was responsible for crop failures, leading to serious famine and high food prices in Europe and North America. The year 1816 became known as the "year without summer". We performed a series of climate simulations with the UK Met Office model HadGEM2-ES to assess the climate and carbon cycle consequences of the eruption. The model shows a temperature decrease of 1˙0.1 ı C and global precipitation decrease of 3.7% in 1816. The following net primary productivity (NPP) increase is caused by strongly reduced plant respiration and supports the overall increase in land carbon storage after the eruption. Most of the carbon is taken up by the soil reservoir, mainly due to increased litter influx. Overall, the change of combined land and ocean carbon implies an atmospheric CO 2 decrease of over 6 ppmv. C3 and C4 grasses, used here as an analogy for crops, revealed globally increasing productivity for C3 grasses/crops (e.g., wheat) by 8%, while C4 grasses/crops (e.g., maize) decreased by over 12%. Regional positive C3 and negative C4 NPP are mainly found in the tropics and midlatitudes, whereas positive C4 NPP areas are distributed in marginal areas. Negative C3 grasses anomalies are found in high-elevation and high-latitude regions. These findings highlight the importance of including process-based vegetation or crop model components to represent the potentially nonlinear dependencies on climatic changes.

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Volcanic ash as fertiliser for the surface ocean

Cited by 211 publications

References 39 publications

The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilisation after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: a regional-scale biogeochemical ocean model study

The ocean response to volcanic iron fertilisation after the eruption of Kasatochi volcano: a regional-scale biogeochemical ocean model study

Ammonoid diversification in the Middle Triassic: Examples from the Tethys (Eastern Lombardy, Balaton Highland) and the Pacific (Nevada)

Climate and carbon cycle response to the 1815 Tambora volcanic eruption

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