Volcanic activity in Japan during period between September 1933 and July 1936

Mechanism of the historical and the ongoing Vulcanian eruptions of Ebeko volcano, Northern Kuriles

“…The first geomorphological and geological descriptions of the volcano were published by Tanakadate ( 1936 ) and Gorshkov ( 1958 ). Ebeko has an elevation of 1145 m asl but lacks a prominent and well-developed volcanic cone (Fig.…”

“…1d ), containing inside pools of bubbling sulfur melt (Kalacheva et al 2016 , Shevko et al 2018 ). Native sulfur in the summit area is so abundant that it was mined when the island was under Japanese jurisdiction before 1945 (Tanakadate 1936 , Khramova 1987 ).…”

A Refined Historical Record of Volcanic Eruptions around Taiwan: Tectonic Implications in the Arc-continent Collision Area

“…However, the date of eruption should be 1924 as per the original report, not in 1925 (Kuro 1962;Tanakadate 1931). The VEI value is estimated at 2 (5600 m * 900 m * 0.9 m = 4 54 10 6 .…”

“…On the second day, a field of pumice 3 nautical miles (~5.6 km) long, 0.5 nautical miles (~0.9 km) wide, and 90 cm high, covered the eastern sea of Iriomote Island (Tanakadate 1931;Kuro 1962), and the pumice drifted with the Kuroshiro current to the main islands of Japan (Tanakadate 1931;Japan Meteorological Agency 1975).…”

“…Another Japanese Navy boat, "Nogima Tokumu Kan" found a wide pumice floating on the sea surface around the Yonaguni Island on December 19, 1924(Journal Geological Society Japan 1925. The duration of the eruption was conservatively estimated to be at least 50 days, because pumice floating on the sea surface around the eruption area should have been readily dispersed with the strong Kuroshiro current to the main islands of Japan (Tanakadate 1931). It is possible to assume from this information that the eruption size of this event could be much larger than previously estimated.…”