Volatility of indoor and outdoor ultrafine particulate matter near a freeway

Kühn, Thomas; Krudysz, Margaret; Zhu, Yifang; Fine, Philip M.; Hinds, William C.; Froines, John R.; Sioutas, Constantinos

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.09.006

Cited by 57 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, given the dependence of dynamometer tests on dilution conditions, assessment of the volatility of vehicular PM emissions under real-world conditions is needed. A previous roadside study measured the volatility of ultrafine PM downwind of a mixed heavy-and light-duty traffic freeway at two different distances both indoors and outdoors (Kuhn et al 2005). The current study measured PM volatility properties next to a pure gasoline freeway where heavy-duty diesel vehicles are prohibited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The heater used to condition the aerosol is described in Kuhn et al (2005). The Aerosol Instrument Manager software (version 5.2, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) was used for inversion of the measured number concentrations (CPC of SMPS2) to the size distribution.…”

Section: Particle Volatility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• C (Philippin et al 2004), and we selected this temperature so that we could compare results with our previous study (Kuhn et al 2005) close to a mixed heavy-and light-duty traffic freeway. The temperature of 60…”

Section: Particle Volatility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described by Kuhn et al (2005), the ratios φ N and φ V can be used to describe the relative amount of number and volume that remains after heating the aerosol. The extent of external mixing can be described by the ratio (φ N n ) of the integral of the nonvolatile mode of the normalized number size distribution at 110…”

Section: Volatility Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Volatility of PM in the Proximity of a Light-Duty Vehicle Freeway

Kühn¹,

Biswas

Fine

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Particle Volatility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Volatility Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volatility Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Volatility of PM in the Proximity of a Light-Duty Vehicle Freeway

Kühn¹,

Biswas

Fine

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…In general, d S increases both indoors and outdoors in the evening as the temperature drops, which, as argued earlier, is probably due to condensational growth of the particles at that time. However, the mean indoor diameter is always slightly lower than the outdoor (except between 3:00-5:00), which may be due to some particle evaporation as the aerosol is transported in the warmer indoor environment (Kuhn et al 2005;Lunden et al 2003;Sarnat et al 2006). For example, particulate compounds such as ammonium nitrate and organic species, which may account for 35-60% of outdoor PM 2.5 mass in the Los Angeles basin (Kim et al 2000;Tolocka et al 2001), volatilize as they entrain indoors (Lunden et al 2003).…”

Section: Mean Surface Diametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Ntziachristos

Polidori

Phuleria

et al. 2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle surface area has recently been considered as a possible metric in an attempt to correlate particle characteristics with health effects. In order to provide input to such studies, two Nanoparticle Surface Area Monitors (NSAMs, TSI, Inc.) were deployed in different urban sites within Los Angeles to measure the concentration levels and the diurnal profiles of the surface area of ambient particles. The NSAM's principle of operation is based on the unipolar diffusion charging of particles. Results show that the particle surface concentration decreases from ∼150 µm 2 cm −3 next to a freeway to ∼100 µm 2 cm −3 at 100 m downwind of the freeway, and levels decline to 50-70 µm 2 cm −3 at urban background sites. Up to 51% and 30% of the total surface area corresponded to particles <40 nm next to the freeway and at an urban background site, respectively. The NSAM signal was well correlated with a reconstructed surface concentration based on the particle number size distribution measured with collocated Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPSs, TSI, Inc.). In addition, the mean surface diameter calculated by combination of the NSAM and the total particle number concentration measured by a Condensation Particle Counter (CPC, TSI, Inc.) was in reasonable agreement with the arithmetic mean SMPS diameter, especially at the urban site. This study corroborates earlier findings on the application of diffusion chargers for ambient particle monitoring by demonstrating that they can be effectively used to monitor the particle surface concentration, or Received 24 June 2006; accepted 9 February 2007. This research was supported by the Southern California Particle Center (SCPC), funded by EPA under the STAR program through Grant RD-8324-1301-0 to the University of Southern California and was also supported by the NIEHS-NIH grant no. ES-12243 and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) contract no. 03-329. We would also like to thank Dr. Manisha Singh (TSI Inc.) for availing the NSAM monitors and her assistance with the operation of these instruments. The research described herein has not been subjected to the EPA required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use.Address correspondence to Constantinos Sioutas, University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 3620 S. Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail: sioutas@usc.edu combined with a CPC to derive the mean surface diameter with high temporal resolution.

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Volatility of indoor and outdoor ultrafine particulate matter near a freeway

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Volatility of PM in the Proximity of a Light-Duty Vehicle Freeway

Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Volatility of PM in the Proximity of a Light-Duty Vehicle Freeway

Application of a Diffusion Charger for the Measurement of Particle Surface Concentration in Different Environments

Indoor Aerosol Exposure Assessment

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