Volatiles from three genome sequenced fungi from the genus Aspergillus

Abstract

The volatiles emitted by agar plate cultures of three genome sequenced fungal strains from the genus Aspergillus were analysed by GC–MS. All three strains produced terpenes for which a biosynthetic relationship is discussed. The obtained data were also correlated to genetic information about the encoded terpene synthases for each strain. Besides terpenes, a series of aromatic compounds and volatiles derived from fatty acid and branched amino acid metabolism were identified. Some of these compounds have not been described as fungal metabolites before. For the compound ethyl (E)-hept-4-enoate known from cantaloupe a structural revision to the Z stereoisomer is proposed. Ethyl (Z)-hept-4-enoate also occurs in Aspergillus clavatus and was identified by synthesis of an authentic standard.

Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms

“…It was also observed in Schizophyllum commune [97] and in Bjerkandera adusta [98]. Isodaucene was detected in several fungal species, such as Tricholomopsis rutilans [99] and Aspergillus fischeri [100]. Cedrene has been isolated in several fungi such as Corynespora cassiicola and Beauveria sulfurescens, but also in soil bacteria Rhodococcus rhodochrous [101].…”

“…We also used this technique in our experiments because of its high sensitivity and strong discriminatory ability. GC/MS is today the most used analytical tool for fungal VOC identification [102][103][104] and is easily coupled to solid-phase microextraction (SPME) techniques for the VOC extraction and concentration, which allows easy progression to environmental sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis [100]. However, it should be noted that results observed depend on both the nature of the fiber used and the extraction method [105].…”

Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Aspergillus flavus Strains Producing or Not Aflatoxin B1

“…In our study, we have identified 57 compounds already known to be emitted by fungi (Table 1). In particular, we have identified 13 compounds known to be associated with the fungal presence (a in Table 1) and/or the genus Aspergillus (b in Table 1), and more precisely, 44 compounds known in the literature to be involved with the presence of A. flavus strains (c in Table 1) [10,23,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. In addition, 20 compounds (not counting the 6 unidentified compounds) were identified for the first time to be emitted by A. flavus.…”

Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS)

“…Faraldos et al showed that β-elemene is formed by Cope rearrangement when a solution of germacrene A in toluene is heated at reflux [36]. The formation of elemenes requires temperatures >100 °C, so that this reaction cannot take place in the cell, but it must be assumed that these are artifacts of the GC analysis [37]. Nevertheless, elemenes indicate the presence of the corresponding germacrene, as shown by the example of β-elemene and germacrene A (Fig.…”