Volatiles from damaged plants as major cues in long‐range host‐searching by the specialist parasitoid Cotesia rubecula

Geervliet, J.B.F.; Vet, L.E.M.; Dicke, Marcel

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1994.tb01866.x

Cited by 130 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…The release of volatile compounds when plants are attacked by insect herbivores, and the attractiveness of such induced compounds to natural enemies, have been shown in various studies Steinberg et al, 1993;Geervliet et al, 1994;Dicke and Vet, 1998). In some systems, there are key compounds for the attraction of parasitoids, such as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, which is an indicator of the presence of specific host aphids for the parasitoid, Aphidius ervi (Du et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Many plants attacked by herbivorous insects indirectly defend themselves by emitting semiochemicals that act as attractants for natural enemies of the attackers (Dicke and Sabelis, 1988;Turlings et al, 1990;Steinberg et al, 1993;Agelopoulos and Keller, 1994;Geervliet et al, 1994;Röse et al, 1997;Du et al, 1998;Shiojiri et al, 2000;Neveu et al, 2002). At least 12 families of plants produce volatiles in response to herbivory (Dicke, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antennal Electrophysiological Responses of Three Parasitic Wasps to Caterpillar-Induced Volatiles from Maize (Zea mays mays), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

et al. 2005

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Abstract-Many parasitic wasps are attracted to volatiles that are released by plants when attacked by potential hosts. The attractiveness of these semiochemicals from damaged plants has been demonstrated in many tritrophic systems, but the physiological mechanisms underlying the insect responses are poorly understood. We recorded the antennal perception by three parasitoids (Cotesia marginiventris, Microplitis rufiventris, and Campoletis sonorensis) to volatiles emitted by maize, cowpea, and cotton plants after attack by the common caterpillar pest Spodoptera littoralis. Gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) recordings showed that wasps responded to many, but not all, of the compounds present at the physiologically relevant levels tested. Interestingly, some minor compounds, still unidentified, elicited strong responses from the wasps. These results indicate that wasps are able to detect many odorant compounds released by the plants. It remains to be determined how this information is processed and leads to the specific behavior of the parasitoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennal Electrophysiological Responses of Three Parasitic Wasps to Caterpillar-Induced Volatiles from Maize (Zea mays mays), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

et al. 2005

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“…Wind Tunnel Experiments Behavioral choice experiments with the parasitoid C. rubecula were done with a wind tunnel setup (25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% RH, 35μmol m −2 s −1 PAR) as described by (Geervliet et al 1994). The wind speed was adjusted to 0.2m s −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volatiles of different plant species, including Arabidopsis, that are infested with P. rapae caterpillars are known to attract C. rubecula females (Agelopoulos and Keller 1994a;Geervliet et al 1994Geervliet et al , 1996Van Poecke et al 2001). The headspace of P. rapae-infested Arabidopsis plants contains nitriles that may originate from the frass of the caterpillars or the wounded plant tissue (Van Poecke et al 2001;Van Poecke 2007;Wittstock et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

et al. 2008

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The glucosinolate-myrosinase system, found in plants of the order Brassicales, has long been considered an effective defense system against herbivores. The defensive potential of glucosinolates is mainly due to the products formed after myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis upon tissue damage. The most prominent hydrolysis products, the isothiocyanates, are toxic to a wide range of organisms, including herbivorous lepidopterans. In contrast, little is known about the biological activities of alternative hydrolysis products such as simple nitriles and epithionitriles that are formed at the expense of isothiocyanates in the presence of epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs). Here, we used transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) plants overexpressing ESP (35S:ESP plants) to investigate the effects of simple nitriles on direct and indirect defense against the specialist cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). In the 35S:ESP plants, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed mainly to simple nitriles upon tissue disruption, while isothiocyanates are the predominant hydrolysis products in Columbia-0 (Col-0) wild-type plants. The parasitoid Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a specialist on P. rapae larvae, was significantly more attracted to P. rapaeinfested 35S:ESP plants than to P. rapae-infested Col-0 wild-type plants in a wind tunnel setup. Furthermore, female P. rapae butterflies laid more eggs on Col-0 wild-type plants than on 35S:ESP plants when the plants had been damaged previously. However, when given a choice to feed on 35S: ESP or Col-0 plants, caterpillars did not discriminate between the two genotypes. Growth rate and developmental time were not significantly different between caterpillars that were reared on 35S:ESP or Col-0 plants. Thus, the production of simple nitriles instead of isothiocyanates, as catalyzed by ESP, can promote both direct and indirect defense against the specialist herbivore P. rapae.

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“…Various studies on host searching by parasitoids show that plant-provided cues are more important for the location of host habitats than odor cues from the host or host by-products (Turlings et al, 1990;Steinberg et al, 1993;McCall et al, 1993;Agelopoulos and Keller, 1994;Geervliet et al, 1994;Mattiacci et al, 1994;Takabayashi et al, 1995;Fukushima et al, 2002), but it remains largely unknown which compounds are the most crucial for the attraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fresh versus Old Leaf Damage in the Attraction of Parasitic Wasps to Herbivore-Induced Maize Volatiles

Hoballah

Turlings

2005

J Chem Ecol

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Abstract-The odor produced by a plant under herbivore attack is often used by parasitic wasps to locate hosts. Any type of surface damage commonly causes plant leaves to release so-called green leaf volatiles, whereas blends of inducible compounds are more specific for herbivore attack and can vary considerably among plant genotypes. We compared the responses of naïve and experienced parasitoids of the species Cotesia marginiventris and Microplitis rufiventris to volatiles from maize leaves with fresh damage (mainly green leaf volatiles) vs. old damage (mainly terpenoids) in a six-arm olfactometer. These braconid wasps are both solitary endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, but differ in geographical origin and host range. In choice experiments with odor blends from maize plants with fresh damage vs. blends from plants with old damage, inexperienced C. marginiventris showed a preference for the volatiles from freshly damaged leaves. No such preference was observed for inexperienced M. rufiventris. After an oviposition experience in hosts feeding on maize plants, C. marginiventris females were more attracted by a mixture of volatiles from fresh and old damage. Apparently, C. marginiventris has an innate preference for the odor of freshly damaged leaves, and this preference shifts in favor of a blend containing a mixture of green leaf volatiles plus terpenoids, after experiencing the latter blend in association with hosts. M. rufiventris responded poorly after experience and preferred fresh damage odors. Possibly, after associative learning, this species uses cues that are more directly related with the host presence, such as volatiles from host feces, which were not present in the odor sources offered in the olfactometer. The results demonstrate the complexity of the use of plant * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ted.

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Volatiles from damaged plants as major cues in long‐range host‐searching by the specialist parasitoid Cotesia rubecula

Cited by 130 publications

References 31 publications

Antennal Electrophysiological Responses of Three Parasitic Wasps to Caterpillar-Induced Volatiles from Maize (Zea mays mays), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Antennal Electrophysiological Responses of Three Parasitic Wasps to Caterpillar-Induced Volatiles from Maize (Zea mays mays), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

The Role of Fresh versus Old Leaf Damage in the Attraction of Parasitic Wasps to Herbivore-Induced Maize Volatiles

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