Volatile Semiochemicals Increase Trap Catch of Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Corn and Soybean Plots

Abstract

This study reports on the attractiveness of volatile chemicals to green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) as measured by catch on yellow sticky traps within corn [Zea mays L. (Cyperales: Poaceae)] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabales: Fabaceae)] plots. Green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in two tests in soybean plots. Follow-up testing in corn showed that catch of green lacewings was enhanced when traps were baited with eugenol, its structural analog isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol; trap catch of green lacewings was greater with these compounds than with structural analog, 4-alllylanisole. In a follow-up test in soybean, more green lacewings were caught on traps baited with isoeugenol than with 4-allylanisole. Catch did not differ among traps baited with eugenol, isoeugenol, or 2-phenylethanol or among those baited with eugenol, 2-phenylethanol, or the ethanol control. In a 6-wk experiment in soybean, green lacewings were attracted to eugenol-baited traps in 5 of 6 wks but to traps baited with structural analog methyl eugenol in only 1 wk. Flower flies were attracted to 2-phenylethanol in initial tests in corn and soybean plots. Subsequent testing in soybeans with 2-phenylethanol and structural analogs confirmed attraction to 2-phenylethanol and also showed attractancy of 2-phenylacetaldehyde but not benzylamine. A 6-wk test in soybean found that flower flies were also attracted to traps baited with either eugenol or methyl eugenol. This is the first report of green lacewing attraction to eugenol and isoeugenol and first report of flower fly attraction to eugenol. Structure-activity relationships among attractants and practical aspects of their use are discussed.

Interchangeability of floral volatiles in ternary lure combinations for catching three cetoniin chafer species (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)

“…(Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) (Lucchi et al, 2017). Further, flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) were found to be attracted to 2‐phenethyl alcohol in tests in corn and soybean plots (Hesler, 2016).…”

“…In laboratory and field tests, 2‐phenethyl alcohol was highly attractive to the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) (Hesler, 2016; Zhu et al, 2005). A ternary blend of phenylacetonitrile, 2‐phenethyl alcohol and acetic acid attracted the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla plorabunda (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) (El‐Sayed et al, 2018).…”

The first chromosome‐level genome assembly of a green lacewing Chrysopa pallens and its implication for biological control

“…Previous studies have shown that using chemicals to guide C. pallens predation on pests could effectively improve their abilities to search for prey (Cui et al, 2015;Koczor et al, 2010). It is necessary to study the potential mechanism of their olfactory system for effective biological control (Hesler, 2016). A normalized transcriptome of C. pallens was sequenced by Li et al (2013), and a large number of candidate chemosensory genes were identified.…”

“…pallens predation on pests could effectively improve their abilities to search for prey (Cui et al, 2015 ; Koczor et al, 2010 ). It is necessary to study the potential mechanism of their olfactory system for effective biological control (Hesler, 2016 ). A normalized transcriptome of C .…”

Capture of Nontarget Flies (Diptera: Lauxaniidae, Chloropidae, and Anthomyiidae) on Traps Baited with Volatile Chemicals in Field-Crop Habitats

“…Large bycatches of nontarget flies were sometimes unwittingly encountered in a study [8] that I conducted to evaluate responsiveness of arthropod natural enemies to various volatile chemicals among various field-crop habitats. Significant numbers of flies from three different families (Lauxaniidae, Chloropidae, and Anthomyiidae) were captured, and some captures represented potentially novel associations with volatile chemicals.…”