Volatile organic compounds in the strongly fragrant fern genus <i>Melpomene</i> (Polypodiaceae)

Kessler, Michael; Connor, Edward C.; Lehnert, Marcus

doi:10.1111/plb.12252

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Terpenoids were collected using a dynamic enclosure system. Selected twigs were placed in custom-made enclosures (∼460 ml volume), which were made of chemically inert Nalophan foil (Bratschlauch, Toppits ® , Minden, Germany) ( Kessler et al, 2015 ) and perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing (Swagelok, Karlsruhe, Germany). The outlets were connected via PFA tubing to air sampling pumps (210-1003MTX, SKC, Germany), to minimize terpenoid losses due to reactions and/or adsorption to enclosure walls and tubing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoid Emissions of Two Mediterranean Woody Species in Response to Drought Stress

et al. 2018

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Drought is a major environmental constrain affecting plant performance and survival, particularly in Mediterranean ecosystems. Terpenoids may play a protective role under these conditions, however, observations of drought effects on plant terpenoid emissions are controversial ranging from decreased emissions to unaffected or increased release of terpenoids. In the present study we investigated terpenoid emissions of cork oak (Quercus suber) and gum rockrose (Cistus ladanifer) in response to summer drought stress in 2017. Pre-dawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) decreased from -0.64 to -1.72 MPa in Q. suber and from -1.69 to -4.05 MPa in C. ladanifer, indicating a transition from mild to severe drought along summer. Total terpenoid emissions decreased with drought, but differed significantly between species (p < 0.001) and in response to ΨPD, air temperature and assimilation rates. C. ladanifer emitted a large variety of >75 compounds comprising monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and even diterpenes, which strongly decreased from 1.37 ± 0.23 μg g-1h-1 to 0.40 ± 0.08 μg g-1h-1 (p < 0.001) in response to drought. Total emission rates were positively correlated to air temperature (p < 0.001). C. ladanifer behavior points toward terpenoid leaf storage depletion and reduced substrate availability for terpenoid synthesis with increasing drought, most likely accelerated by high air temperatures. Q. suber emitted mainly monoterpenes and emissions declined significantly from June (0.50 ± 0.08 μg g-1h-1) to August (0.29 ± 0.02 μg g-1h-1) (p < 0.01). Emission rates were weakly correlated with net assimilation rates (R2 = 0.19, p < 0.001), but did not respond strongly to ΨPD and air temperature. Early onset of drought in 2017 most likely reduced plant metabolism in Q. suber, resulting in diminished, but stable terpenoid fluxes. Calculation of standard emission factors (at 30°C) revealed contrasting emission patterns of decreasing, unaffected, or increasing fluxes of single terpenoid compounds. Unaffected or drought-enhanced emissions of compounds such as α-pinene, camphene or manoyl oxide may point toward a specific role of these terpenoids in abiotic stress adaptation. In conclusion, these results suggest a strong negative, but species- and compound-specific effect of severe drought on terpenoid fluxes in Mediterranean ecosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoid Emissions of Two Mediterranean Woody Species in Response to Drought Stress

et al. 2018

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“…Although crushing damages cell walls, releasing other compounds, which are not naturally found in the fern scent. Studies investigating fern volatiles using headspace sampling techniques (Imbiscuso et al 2009;Kessler et al 2015;Radhika et al 2012) typically yield fewer compounds, but are less invasive and do not require the destruction of the sample (unless it is part of the treatment) and are therefore more similar to natural emissions (Imbiscuso et al 2009;Kessler et al 2015;Radhika et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify the compounds that constitute the chemical profiles of the different species, we compared two collection methods that have been previously used to characterise fern scent in other species: solvent extraction (Fons et al 2010;Froissard et al 2011;Halarewicz & Szumny 2010), and headspace collection (Imbiscuso et al 2009;Kessler et al 2015;Radhika et al 2012).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Volatile Constituents Of The Six Fermentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile emissions of six New Zealand fern species in response to physical damage and herbivory

Soriano¹,

McCormick²

2020

NZJE

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Volatile compounds (scents) play an important role in mediating ecological interactions between plants and other organisms, including defence against biotic and abiotic stressors, such as herbivory or physical damage. Seed plants respond to wounding and herbivory by changing their volatile emissions and producing complex blends of compounds; this process is mediated by the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) that acts as a signalling molecule activating plant defence pathways. Exogenous application of JA can mimic the plant's responses to herbivory and is used in agriculture to enhance plant defences. Although this phenomenon has been well documented for seed plants, our knowledge on non-seed plants is scarce, leading to question whether the observed patterns are ubiquitous to all vascular plant species. This study aimed to characterise the volatile emissions of six native New Zealand fern species (Cyathea dealbata, Cyathea medullaris, Dicksonia squarrosa, Asplenium bulbiferum, Asplenium oblongifolium, and Microsorum pustulatum), and explore their changes in response to physical damage, exogenous application of JA, and herbivory. Physical damage caused a significant increase in volatile emissions, with odour blends dominated by green leaf volatiles (as observed in seed plants); whereas JA application only caused a moderate increase in volatile release and (unlike seed plants) did not produce a substantial increase in terpenoid emission. Compounds (E)-2-hexene and (E)-2-pentenol were unique to the headspace of herbivore-damaged plants, indicating that ferns may have specific responses to herbivory. This work suggests that changes in volatile emissions are common responses to biotic and abiotic stress in vascular plants, but prompts further research to elucidate the signalling and regulatory mechanisms in ferns.

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“…Fern species have already been reported to produce a wide variety of VOC from different biochemical pathways (Fons et al, 2018 ; Froissard et al, 2011 ; Kessler et al, 2014 ; Radhika et al, 2012 ). Nevertheless, emission of either acetylene (Zimmerman, 1985 ) or ethylene (Wong Fong San et al, 1987 ) from Azolla spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to different light intensities affects emission of volatiles and accumulations of both pigments and phenolics in Azolla filiculoides

Brilli

Dani

Pasqualini

et al. 2022

Physiologia Plantarum

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Many agronomic trials demonstrated the nitrogen‐fixing ability of the ferns Azolla spp. and its obligate cyanobiont Trichormus azollae. In this study, we have screened the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and analyzed pigments (chlorophylls, carotenoids) as well as phenolic compounds in Azolla filiculoides–T. azollae symbionts exposed to different light intensities. Our results revealed VOC emission mainly comprising isoprene and methanol (~82% and ~13% of the overall blend, respectively). In particular, by dissecting VOC emission from A. filiculoides and T. azollae, we found that the cyanobacterium does not emit isoprene, whereas it relevantly contributes to the methanol flux. Enhanced isoprene emission capacity (15.95 ± 2.95 nmol m−2 s−1), along with increased content of both phenolic compounds and carotenoids, was measured in A. filiculoides grown for long‐term under high (700 μmol m−2 s−1) rather than medium (400 μmol m−2 s−1) and low (100 μmol m−2 s−1) light intensity. Moreover, light‐responses of chlorophyll fluorescence demonstrated that A. filiculoides was able to acclimate to high growth light. However, exposure of A. filiculoides from low (100 μmol m−2 s−1) to very high light (1000 μmol m−2 s−1) did not affect, in the short term, photosynthesis, but slightly decreased isoprene emission and leaf pigment content whereas, at the same time, dramatically raised the accumulation of phenolic compounds (i.e. deoxyanthocyanidins and phlobaphenes). Our results highlight a coordinated photoprotection mechanism consisting of isoprene emission and phenolic compounds accumulation employed by A. filiculoides to cope with increasing light intensities.

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Volatile organic compounds in the strongly fragrant fern genus Melpomene (Polypodiaceae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Terpenoid Emissions of Two Mediterranean Woody Species in Response to Drought Stress

Terpenoid Emissions of Two Mediterranean Woody Species in Response to Drought Stress

Volatile emissions of six New Zealand fern species in response to physical damage and herbivory

Exposure to different light intensities affects emission of volatiles and accumulations of both pigments and phenolics in Azolla filiculoides

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