Volatile organic compound measurements at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Analysis of sources, atmospheric composition, and aerosol residence times

Millet, Dylan B.; Goldstein, Allen H.; Allan, J. D.; Bates, T. S.; Boudries, H.; Bower, Keith; Coe, Hugh; Ma, Yuhui; McKay, M.; Quinn, Patricia K.; Sullivan, A.; Weber, R. J.; Worsnop, Douglas R.

doi:10.1029/2003jd004026

Cited by 63 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…The roadside-to-background concentration ratios of these compounds are significantly higher than ratios observed in other VOCs. This difference is probably due to degradation of these compounds during transport from downtown stations to background station (approximately 15 km), because most of these compounds are reactive VOCs with relatively short residence times in the atmosphere (Derwent, 1995;Millet et. al., 2004).…”

Section: Variation Of Voc Concentrations Among Three Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Kuntasal

Kılavuz

Karman

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Concentrations of 91 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ranging from C5 to C12 were measured at three sites in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, in the summer of 2003 and winter of 2004. Samples were collected at roadside, residential and background stations at consecutive 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr period for six weeks in each season. Air samples were collected onto cartridges packed with Tenax TA and Carbopack B resins and analyzed by thermal desorption, followed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass selective detector (GC/MSD). Time resolved data provided information on ambient levels, temporal and spatial variations and sources of VOCs in Ankara. Toluene is the most abundant compound at all sites with and average concentration of 13.1 ?g m-3. The mean concentrations of benzene are 12.6, 5.2, and 2.4 ?g m-3 during winter at roadside, residential and background stations, respectively. Diurnal variation in the data together with toluene to benzene concentration ratio (T:B) that is close to 2.0 indicated the influence of traffic related emissions at residential and roadside stations during winter season. Higher T:B ratio observed at residential and background stations during summer period and correlation analysis indicated additional VOC sources. Temporal variations and low m,p-xylene to ethylbenzene ratio (mpX:E) indicated that transported air mass is the major VOC source influencing VOC concentrations measured at the background station.Implications: VOC measurement at three sites in Ankara, the capital of Turkey showed that VOC concentrations measured at the roadside station are reasonably higher than concentrations measured at residential and background sites. Diurnal variations of VOC concentrations revealed that traffic emissions at roadside and residential locations are a significant VOC source in Ankara. On the other hand, VOC levels measured at the background site are transported from more polluted parts of Ankara.

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Section: Variation Of Voc Concentrations Among Three Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Kuntasal

Kılavuz

Karman

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Trinidad Head is the North American west coast site with the most extensive trace gas measurements Millet et al, 2004) made during the five-week ITCT 2K2 field study in the spring of 2002 (Parrish et al, 2004b). Continuous measurements of O 3 and meteorological variables have been maintained there since that time (Oltmans et al, 2008), and it is also a site included in the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) (Prinn et al, 2000).…”

Section: Selection Of Marine Air By Trace Species Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These gases have very different atmospheric sources and sinks so evaluation of the three together provides a robust indication of the importance of the Millet et al, 2004 continental influences. Radon is emitted from continental but not oceanic surfaces, and with a radioactive decay halflife of 3.8 days, provides an excellent tracer of recent continental contact of an air mass.…”

Section: Selection Of Marine Air By Trace Species Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 illustrates the correlation of O 3 mixing ratios with the mixing ratios of these three gases in the ITCT 2K2 measurements. Higher mixing ratios of radon Millet et al, 2004) and MTBE (i.e. greater continental influence) correlate with lower O 3 mixing ratios, indicating that, at least in spring at Trinidad Head, the primary continental influence on O 3 is surface deposition and/or destruction by reaction with local emissions.…”

Section: Selection Of Marine Air By Trace Species Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing ozone in marine boundary layer inflow at the west coasts of North America and Europe

2009

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Abstract. An effective method is presented for determining the ozone (O 3 ) mixing ratio in the onshore flow of marine air at the North American west coast. By combining the data available from all marine boundary layer (MBL) sites with simultaneous wind data, decadal temporal trends of MBL O 3 in all seasons are established with high precision. The average springtime temporal trend over the past two decades is 0.46 ppbv/yr with a 95% confidence limit of 0.13 ppbv/yr, and statistically significant trends are found for all seasons except autumn, which does have a significantly smaller trend than other seasons. The average trend in mean annual ozone is 0.34±0.09 ppbv/yr. These decadal trends at the North American west coast present a striking comparison and contrast with the trends reported for the European west coast at Mace Head, Ireland. The trends in the winter, spring and summer seasons compare well at the two locations, while the Mace Head trend is significantly greater in autumn. Even though the trends are similar, the absolute O 3 mixing ratios differ markedly, with the marine air arriving at Europe in all seasons containing 7±2 ppbv higher ozone than marine air arriving at North America. Further, the ozone mixing ratios at the North American west coast show no indication of stabilizing as has been reported for Mace Head. In a larger historical context the background boundary layer O 3 mixing ratios over the 130 years covered by available data have increased substantially (by a factor of two to three), and this increase continues at present, at least in the MBL of the Pacific coast region of North America. The reproduction of the increasing trends in MBL O 3 over the past two decades, as well as the difference in the O 3 mixing ratios between the Correspondence to: D. D. Parrish (david.d.parrish@noaa.gov) two coastal regions will present a significant challenge for global chemical transport models. Further, the ability of the models to at least semi-quantitatively reproduce the longerterm, historical trends may an even greater challenge.

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“…Galbally and Kirstine, 2002;Jacob et al, 2005;Millet et al, 2008); (iii) field and aircraft measurements (e.g. Singh et al, 2000;Karl et al, 2003a;Millet et al, 2004;Spirig et al, 2005;Mao et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

First space-based derivation of the global atmospheric methanol emission fluxes

et al. 2011

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Abstract. This study provides improved methanol emission estimates on the global scale, in particular for the largest methanol source, the terrestrial biosphere, and for biomass burning. To this purpose, one complete year of spaceborne measurements of tropospheric methanol columns retrieved for the first time by the thermal infrared sensor IASI aboard the MetOp satellite are compared with distributions calculated by the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model. Two model simulations are performed using a priori biogenic methanol emissions either from the new MEGANv2.1 emission model, which is fully described in this work and is based on net ecosystem flux measurements, or from a previous parameterization based on net primary production by Jacob et al. (2005). A significantly better model performance in terms of both amplitude and seasonality is achieved through the use of MEGANv2.1 in most world regions, with respect to IASI data, and to surface-and air-based methanol measurements, even though important discrepancies over several regions are still present. As a second step of this study, we combine the MEGANv2.1 and the IASI column abundances over continents in an inverse modelling scheme based on the adjoint of the IMAGESv2 model to generate an improved global methanol emission source. The global optimized source totals 187 Tg yr −1 with a contribution of 100 Tg yr −1 from plants, only slightly lower than the a priori Correspondence to: T. Stavrakou (jenny@aeronomie.be) MEGANv2.1 value of 105 Tg yr −1 . Large decreases with respect to the MEGANv2.1 biogenic source are inferred over Amazonia (up to 55 %) and Indonesia (up to 58 %), whereas more moderate reductions are recorded in the Eastern US (20-25 %) and Central Africa (25-35 %). On the other hand, the biogenic source is found to strongly increase in the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia (up to a factor of 5) and Western US (factor of 2), probably due to a source of methanol specific to these ecosystems which is unaccounted for in the MEGANv2.1 inventory. The most significant error reductions achieved by the optimization concern the derived biogenic emissions over the Amazon and over the Former Soviet Union. The robustness of the derived fluxes to changes in convective updraft fluxes, in methanol removal processes, and in the choice of the biogenic a priori inventory is assessed through sensitivity inversions. Detailed comparisons of the model with a number of aircraft and surface observations of methanol, as well as new methanol measurements in Europe and in the Reunion Island show that the satellite-derived methanol emissions improve significantly the agreement with the independent data, giving thus credence to the IASI dataset.

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Volatile organic compound measurements at Trinidad Head, California, during ITCT 2K2: Analysis of sources, atmospheric composition, and aerosol residence times

Cited by 63 publications

References 80 publications

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Increasing ozone in marine boundary layer inflow at the west coasts of North America and Europe

First space-based derivation of the global atmospheric methanol emission fluxes

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