Volatile organic compound emissions from wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan: Legal regulations and costs of control

Cheng, Wen-Hsi; Hsu, Shu-Kang; Chou, Ming-Shean

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.022

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants [71] and are considered persistent organic pollutants (the ''dirty dozen'' of chemicals) [72]. Toxaphene (C 10 H 10 Cl 8 ) is one such insecticide [73]; after degradation, it releases free chlorine ions with the tendency to form [74][75][76]. However, there is no evidence to suggest that the level of chloroform reached in soil or air is high enough to cause CKD-mfo.…”

Section: Agrochemical (Pesticides and Weedicides) Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others have suggested that the occupational exposure to hydrocarbons may account for the excess number of male patients (male farmers) with CKDu [77]. Hydrocarbons are commonly used as solvents in manufacturing practices because of their lipid solubility [76]. Hydrocarbons are also known to be neurotoxic, and renal damage has been reported after ingestion [78].…”

Section: Agrochemical (Pesticides and Weedicides) Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Wimalawansa

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

125

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During the last two decades, Sri Lanka, located close to the equator, has experienced an escalating incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown aetiology (CKDue) in dry zonal areas. Similar incidences of unusual CKDs have been reported in the dry zonal, agricultural areas of several other equatorial countries. In Sri Lanka, the incidence of CKDue is highest in the North Central Province (NCP), where approximately 45 % of the country's paddy fields are located. However, in recent years, the disease has spread into areas adjacent to as well as distant from the NCP. The cause of CKD in Sri Lanka is unknown, and may likely due to interactions of different potential agents; thus, CKD is of multi-factorial origin (CKD-mfo). These factors include, the negative effects from overuse of agrochemicals. Nevertheless, the potential interactions and synergism between probable agents have not been studied. This systematic review discusses the proposed hypotheses and causes of CKD-mfo in Sri Lanka, and ways to decrease the incidence of this disease and to eradicate it, and provide some recommendations. During the past decade, a number of groups have investigated this disorder using different methodologies and reported various correlations, but failed to find a cause. Research has focussed on the contamination of water with heavy metals, agrochemicals, hard water, algae, ionicity, climate change, and so forth. Nevertheless, the levels of any of the pollutants or conditions reported in water in NPC are inconsistent not correlated with the prevalence of the disease, and are too low to be the sole cause of CKD-mfo. Meanwhile, several nephrotoxins prevalent in the region, including medications, leptospirosis, toxic herbs, illicit alcohol, locally grown tobacco, and petrochemicals, as well as the effects of changed habits occured over the past four decades have not been studied to date. Taken together, the geographical distribution and overall findings indicate that combinations of factors and/or their interactions are likely to precipitate CKD-mfo, which kills more than 5,000 people annually in Sri Lanka; most victims are middleaged male farmers. Much anecdotal evidence from this region suggests that consumption of contaminated water is the most likely source of this deadly disease. Although the aetiology is unknown, prevention of this ''environmentally acquired'' disease seems relatively straightforward. Solutions include (a) preventing environmental pollution, (b) stopping the irresponsible use and decreasing the usage of agrochemicals, and encouraging the use of environmentally friendly agricultural methods, (c) taking proper precautions when using agrochemicals and safe disposal of their containers, (d) changing the risky behaviour of farmers and educating them to preserve the environment, and (e) providing clean potable water to all affected regions. Implementing a well-coordinated, in-depth, region-wide, broad-based research study together with a long-term effective surveillance programme across the country i...

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Section: Agrochemical (Pesticides and Weedicides) Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agrochemical (Pesticides and Weedicides) Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Wimalawansa

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

125

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“…In the industrial wastewater samples used in this study, some of compounds, such as haloid propane, could be removed by volatilization and biodegradation (Cheng et al, 2008). However, haloid propane was mainly removed by biodegradation, while volatilization could be neglected due to the low concentration in wastewater (Galapate et al, 1999;Moura et al, 2007).…”

Section: Degradation Characteristics and Classifications Of Organic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of organic pollutants and characteristics of activated sludge in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic reactor treating chemical industrial wastewater

Wang

2014

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-A laboratory-scale anaerobic/anoxic/oxic system operated at the hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 20, 40, and 60 h with mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations of 3 g/L and 6 g/L was considered for treating chemical industrial wastewater rich in complex organic compounds and total dissolved solids. Extending the HRT and increasing the MLSS concentration resulted in higher removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand at 72%. Organic compounds in wastewater could be classified into easily-removed and refractory compounds during treatment. The easily-removed compounds consisted primarily of ethers, alcohols, and aldehydes, whereas the refractory compounds included mainly oxygen-containing heterocyclic and benzene-containing compounds. Results from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that several metal ions accumulated in activated sludge, particularly Fe(III). Fe accumulated mainly on the surface of sludge floc pellets and resulted in the compactness of activated sludge, which caused the values of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids /MLSS and sludge volume index to decrease.

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“…The VOCs of interest in this and many other studies included three aromatic VOCs (benzene, toluene, and total xylenes) (Cheng et al, 2008;Fatone et al, 2011;Lehtinen and Veijanen, 2011;Yeh et al, 2011). The ubiquitous presences of benzene, toluene, and xylenes have been identified in our preceding study researching their emission rates and health risks (Yang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influences of Aeration and Biological Treatment on the Fates of Aromatic VOCs in Wastewater Treatment Processes

Chen

Yang

Yuan

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, a lab-scale bioreactor experiment was conducted to investigate the fates of three aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) in wastewater treatment processes, with respect to the differences among the species, together with the effects of aeration and the presence of activated sludge. The concentrations of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the phases of air, water, and activated sludge in the bioreactor were analyzed to determine the respective chemical activities and to predict the possible transferring potentials of the VOCs among the three phases. Given appreciable levels of the VOCs being absorbed from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their volatility, the directions of the transfers for these VOCs were from activated sludge to water and from water to air, indicating the importance of volatilization for the fates of VOCs in this reactor. The presence of activated sludge in the bioreactor had a positive effect on the transfers of the VOCs from air to water and from water to sludge, particularly for those VOCs with large octanol-water partition coefficients (K OW ). The effect of aeration on the fates of the VOCs was affected by factors including the Henry's law coefficients and K OW values of the VOCs, and the presence of activated sludge in the system. For the VOCs with large Henry's law coefficients and small K OW values, aeration reduced the concentration of the VOCs in the air and water phases more significantly, resulting in positive and negative impacts on the volatilization and biosorption/biodegradation of the VOCs in WWTPs, respectively, which was unexpected based on the design of the WWTPs for VOC removal.

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Volatile organic compound emissions from wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan: Legal regulations and costs of control

Cited by 44 publications

References 5 publications

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations

Degradation of organic pollutants and characteristics of activated sludge in an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic reactor treating chemical industrial wastewater

Influences of Aeration and Biological Treatment on the Fates of Aromatic VOCs in Wastewater Treatment Processes

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