Volatile constituents of benzoin gums: Siam and Sumatra, part 2. Study of headspace sampling methods

Abstract

Static-headspace (S-HS), headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) have been applied to the analysis of different grades of benzoin gums Siam and Sumatra. This study led to the identification of 58 compounds by GC-RI and GC-MS: 42 of them were characterized in Siam benzoin gum (grades 3 and 5) and 40 of them in Sumatra (grades B and D). SPME using divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber and HSSE are complementary in these conditions and seem to be the most suitable techniques to identify volatile compounds of benzoin gums. S-HS is less sensitive but represents a good method for the quality control of these gums. For this reason it has been applied directly coupled to mass spectrometry for a rapid differentiation between several benzoin gum qualities.

Volatome analysis approach for the taxonomic classification of tree exudate collection using Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

“…this resin is characterized by a typical volatile profile very different even from species of plants belonging to the same genus. Instead, as reported elsewhere, the benzoin resin is typically composed of coniferyl, benzyl and p‐coumaryl benzoates, cinnamyl cinnamate (styracin), benzoic acid, a small amount of coniferyl alcohol (lubanol), and traces of benzaldehyde, styrene, vanillin and other compounds. These results showed how the PTR‐ToF‐MS technology can be effectively used for a rapid and non‐destructive detection and identification of VOCs, and we evaluated the VOCs emission by different wood exudates (resins).…”

“…Finally, the confusion matrices (data not shown) applied to classify the species indicated how most of the calibration/validation observations (89.06%) and of the test ones (88.57%) were correctly classified (grey values on the main diagonals, reported elsewhere, [75][76][77] the benzoin resin is typically composed of coniferyl, benzyl and p-coumaryl benzoates, cinnamyl cinnamate (styracin), benzoic acid, a small amount of coniferyl alcohol (lubanol), and traces of benzaldehyde, styrene, vanillin and other compounds.…”

Volatile constituents of benzoin gums: Siam and Sumatra, part 3. Fast characterization with an electronic nose

“…In a previous work on headspace sampling methods applied to benzoin gums, 13 performances of technology samples was efficient, with a percentage of recognition between 80 and 100%. A DFA (using 18 sensors) considering harvesting years was built as well.…”

“…11 We have recently presented studies of the chemical composition of Siam and Sumatra benzoin gums by the analysis of volatile extracts 12 and the use of headspace methods such as static-HS, SPME and HSSE. 13 Herein, we report our results in the use of electronic nose technology to determine the quality and olfactive features of benzoin gums according to the production origin, the grade, the harvest year and to identify potential counterfeited benzoin gums. heated for 10 min at 60°C and agitated at 500 rpm in order to produce headspace equilibrium.…”

An unusual acenaphthylene-type sesquiterpene hydrocarbon from Siam and Sumatra benzoin gum

“…However, both varieties were described to provide varying amounts of benzoate and cinnamate derivatives as the main constituents of their volatile fraction. In previous articles, we determined the chemical composition of volatile extracts and SPME extracts of Siam and Sumatra BG by means of GC analysis (Fernandez et al, 2003;Castel et al, 2006). Interestingly, this work led to the detection, in each type of extracts, of an unknown sesquiterpene hydrocarbon that was rather abundant in the volatile extract of Sumatra BG.…”