Volatile compounds of Nectandra salicina (lauraceae) from Costa Rica and their cytotoxic activity on cell lines

Abstract

Recebido em 1/8/08; aceito em 8/9/08; publicado na web em 5/2/09The chemical composition of the volatiles of Nectandra salicina growing wild in Costa Rica was determined by capillary GC/FID and GC/MS. Thirty-seven and forty-two compounds were identified in the leaf and branch oils respectively corresponding to about 92.6 and 86.2% of the total amount of the oils. The major components of the leaf oil were: atractylone (14.6%), viridiflorene (10.1%), α-pinene (9.4%), β-caryophyllene (7.2%), α-humulene (7.0%), δ-cadinene (6.1%), β-pinene (6.0%) and germacrene D (5.8%). The major components of the branch oil were: atractylone (21.1%), germacrene D (10.7%), viridiflorene (7.9%) and 7-epi-α-selinene (5.0%). When the oils were tested on different cell lines, all the LD 50 values were higher than 150 µg/mL, with values very similar for the leaf and branch oils. Low toxicity could be explained by antagonistic effects among the main compounds present in the oils.

Chemical composition of volatile oils from leaves of Nectandra megapotamica Spreng. (Lauraceae)

“…The yields, calculated on basis of weight of fresh leaves, were determined as 0.11-0.18%, similar to the volatile oil obtained from fresh leaves of N. salicina. 9 The identification of volatile derivatives was carried out by automated interpretation of mass spectra of constituents in each analyzed oil and also by retention index. A total of nineteen derivatives -monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoid -were characterized, corresponding to 85.0-97.4% of the identified derivatives.…”

“…The highest percentage of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes has not been accompanied by structural diversification once only d-elemene, b-bisabolene, and germacrene D were detected in the samples. Comparatively, the volatile oils from other Nectandra species showed to be composed mainly by monoterpenes [N. falcifolia 6 -mentha-1(7),8-diene (25.2%), a-terpinolene (20.9%), and a-pinene (10.0%); N. elaiophora 8 -a-pinene (35%), b-pinene (20%), and a-terpineol (12%)] and sesquiterpenes [N. coriacea 7 -valerianol (16.7%) and g-eudesmol (12.3%); N. salicina 9 -atractylone (leaves: 14.6%, stems: 21.1%), viridiflorene (leaves: 10.1%, stems: 7.9%), and germacrene D (leaves: 5.8%, stems: 10.7%)]. However, the occurrence of a-bisabolol as major derivative was not reported in the previous volatile oils from Nectandra species.…”

Chemical composition andin vitrocytotoxic effects of the essential oil fromNectandra leucanthaleaves

“…Otherwise, the oil from Nectandra megapotamica Spreng showed the predominance of a-bisabolol (Romoff et al, 2010). Previous work reported also the presence of cytotoxic activity of volatile metabolites in N. megapotamica (Apel et al, 2006), Nectandra rigida (Kunth) Nees (Le Quense, et al, 1980), and N. salicina (Cicció et al, 2009).…”

“…(Pino et al, 2005). Nectandra salicina C.K.Allen oil was composed by several compounds such as a-and b-pinenes, atractylone, viridiflorene, b-caryophyllene, a-humulene, d-cadinene, and germacrene D (Cicció et al, 2009). Otherwise, the oil from Nectandra megapotamica Spreng showed the predominance of a-bisabolol (Romoff et al, 2010).…”

Sesquiterpenoids fromNectandra megapotamica(Lauraceae)

“…The literature has reported studies of the volatile oils of N. rigida (Kunth) Nees, whose main components are α-phellandrene and β-phellandrene, 11 while N. augustifolia Nees contains p-menta-1 (7), 8-diene and α-terpinolene. 12 The species N. salicina C. K. Allen contains in its essential oil α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, viridiflorene, as well as the sesquiterpene atractylone and germacrene D. 13 The essential oil of the fruits of N. shady (Kunth) Metz present cadinol, germacrene B and spathulenol. 14 The species Nectandra megapotamica, commonly known as "canelalouro", "canela-preta", "canela-ferrugem" and "canelafedorenta", is a native species of the forest of the southern slopes of the Serra Geral in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil).…”