Volatile components in papaya fruits are the non-invasive biomarkers to monitor the ripening stage and the nutritional value

Kushwaha, Komal; Waghmode, Bhairavnath; Gaid, Mariam; Agrawal, P. K.; Roy, Partha; Sircar, Debabrata

doi:10.1007/s00217-020-03673-y

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Depending on the volatile's chemical nature, a variety of SPME fibers are used (CAR: carboxen, PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane, DVB: divinylbenzene, alone or in combination). After accumulating in an HS chamber, the VOCs are adsorbed into an SPME fiber, followed by desorption in a GC‐inlet and separation in the GC–MS (Kushwaha et al, 2021; Wagmode et al, 2021). By combining LC–MS, GC–MS, and HS‐SPME‐GC–MS analyses, one can separate primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, phytohormones, vitamins, and volatiles.…”

Section: Biomarkers In Root‐microbe Interactions: a Metabolomics Appr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A metabolomics perspective on root‐derived plant immunity and phytohormone interaction

Demiwal,

Tayade,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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A plant's root system is essential to its survival as it supports anchorage and absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Several microorganisms interact with roots in the rhizosphere, and they can be neutral, positive, or negative. Identifying beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms and limiting or promoting their colonization is essential for roots to survive. Signaling molecules and metabolites play an important regulatory role in determining root‐microbe associations. Phytohormones modulate plant‐microbe interactions by metabolic reprogramming and transmitting long‐range signals, resulting in local and systemic resistance. Mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics provides a powerful means to study root‐microbe interactions. It provides a qualitative and quantitative approach for determining the mechanisms of root‐microbe interactions and also helps to understand pathogen‐induced metabolic reprogramming. By using metabolomics, one can identify biomarker metabolites that indicate disease resistance or sensitivity in the roots. Compared to other omics methods, metabolomics is still underutilized in root‐pathogen interaction studies. It is, therefore, vital that metabolomics is popularized to gain a better understanding of disease resistance and susceptibility. Through untargeted metabolomics, we can gain insight into plant‐microbial interactions across a variety of tissues, which helps us develop more effective crop and plant protection measures. In this review, we describe the current status and progress in metabolomics applications for studying root‐microbe interactions with an emphasis on root‐derived phytohormones and specialized metabolites. In addition, we also proposed the use of metabolomics to identify novel biomarkers during root‐microbe interactions, to distinguish resistant genotypes from susceptible ones, or to predict nondestructively early disease progression.

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Section: Biomarkers In Root‐microbe Interactions: a Metabolomics Appr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A metabolomics perspective on root‐derived plant immunity and phytohormone interaction

Demiwal,

Tayade,

Yadav

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…It is obtained by making incisions on the epicarp of unripe papaya [3]. Commonly, more active papain can also be obtained from greener or unripe fruit [4]. Because of their proteolytic purpose, they are of vital importance in biological processes in living organisms [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lc-MS/MS-Based Quantitative Profiling of Papain Enzyme in Carica Papaya L.: Method Development and Validation

C.,

AGALAVE,

TYAGI

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: To develop and validate a sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantifying the Papain enzyme in Carica papaya L. plant extracts. Methods: As an internal standard (IS), Papain was procured. A gradient-based LC-MS/MS method was developed using the Quasar C18, 150 mm × 2.1 mm, 3 µm column; the drug separation was accomplished using a gradient elution mode with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid in water (A) and a 98:2% ratio of formic acid in acetonitrile (B). The mobile phase was injected with a volume of 10 µl at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Results: Matrix-matched calibration adhering to SANCO guidelines was employed for accurate quantification, covering a concentration range of 1 to 2000 ng/ml. The method's selectivity and linearity were confirmed with an R2 correlation value of 0.990. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined as 170.5 ng/ml and 516.8 ng/ml, respectively. The developed LC-MS/MS method demonstrated robust analytical performance, providing a solid basis for quantifying Papain enzyme levels in Carica papaya L. plant extracts. The matrix-matched calibration approach, with a well-defined standard calibration curve, showcased the method's selectivity and linearity. The LOD and LOQ values further underscored the method's sensitivity. Conclusion: This study successfully establishes and validates a gradient-based LC-MS/MS method for accurate quantification of Papain enzyme levels in Carica papaya L. plant extracts. The demonstrated precision, accuracy, and sensitivity support the reliability of this analytical approach, offering a valuable tool for future investigations into the biological effects of Papain.

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Application of ’omics technologies in tropical and subtropical fruit crops

Chaturvedi

Singh

Mehrotra

2022

Omics in Horticultural Crops

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Volatile components in papaya fruits are the non-invasive biomarkers to monitor the ripening stage and the nutritional value

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

A metabolomics perspective on root‐derived plant immunity and phytohormone interaction

A metabolomics perspective on root‐derived plant immunity and phytohormone interaction

Lc-MS/MS-Based Quantitative Profiling of Papain Enzyme in Carica Papaya L.: Method Development and Validation

Application of ’omics technologies in tropical and subtropical fruit crops

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