Void nucleation and growth in mineral-filled PVC – An experimental and numerical study

Ognedal, Anne Serine; Clausen, Arild Holm; Berstad, T.; Seelig, Thomas; Hopperstad, Odd Sture

doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.12.042

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As can be seen in Figure , PVC clearly develops cavities around filler particles during the deformation process. This is similar to what was observed by Ognedal et al in a mineral‐filled PVC.…”

Section: Volumetric Strains In Uniaxial Tension Tests On Hdpe and Pvcsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This produced a brittle fracture surface showing the interior of the samples. This technique has been described by Ognedal et al The samples were vapour coated with gold in order to make the surface electrically conductive. The resulting micrographs are shown in Figure for PVC and in Figure for HDPE.…”

Section: Volumetric Strains In Uniaxial Tension Tests On Hdpe and Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several different mechanisms depending on the material and the loading conditions may contribute to the volume increase. Thus, the origin of plastic dilatation can be attributed to phenomena such as local cavitation, particle–matrix debonding, and crazing . The subsequent void growth leads to a macroscopic increase of volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volumetric strain measurement of polymeric materials subjected to uniaxial tension

Andersen

Hopperstad

Clausen

2019

Strain

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A novel method for measuring and calculating volumetric strain in circular cylindrical uniaxial tension samples made from polymeric materials is proposed. It is shown that special considerations must be taken when calculating volumetric strain when a sample is in a postnecking state. Solely based on surface data, the key feature of the proposed correction is that it allows for an inhomogeneous distribution of longitudinal strain through the diameter of the sample, where a more traditional approach would be to assume a homogeneous distribution. These two approaches are evaluated by applying them to data from a close-to-incompressible steel sample. Whereas the proposed method indicates only a small positive increase in volume, the assumption of a homogeneous distribution results in substantial negative volumetric strains. Applying the two methods to tension samples made from HDPE and PVC, where plastic dilatation is nonlinear, again shows an initial negative volumetric strain for HDPE with the assumption of a homogeneous longitudinal strain. The proposed method predicts close-to-zero early-stage volumetric strain for the same test. The differences are more subtle for samples of PVC. Micrographs obtained with scanning electron microscope show that the dilatation of PVC is related to voiding of the material around filler particles, while the underlying mechanism for HDPE is less clear. The results indicate that earlier reports of negative volumetric strain in polymers subjected to uniaxial tension might be artefacts of the implicit assumption made when calculating the volumetric strain.

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Section: Volumetric Strains In Uniaxial Tension Tests On Hdpe and Pvcsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Volumetric Strains In Uniaxial Tension Tests On Hdpe and Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volumetric strain measurement of polymeric materials subjected to uniaxial tension

Andersen

Hopperstad

Clausen

2019

Strain

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“…They studied the role of debonding and cavitation for various particle/matrix interface conditions. Ognedal et al reported the nucleation and growth of voids in mineral‐filled PVC through experimental and numerical studies. Finite element simulations were used on unit cell models to represent the microstructure of the material in a simplified manner.…”

Section: Deformation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modeling for the mechanical properties of poly(vinylchloride) ternary composites

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2016

Polym Eng Sci

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the major thermoplastics and many scientific and technological efforts have been performed by the incorporation of different additives. The main purpose of this work is the design, fabrication, and experimentally characterization of PVC ternary composites. Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) coreshell rubber particles and nano-CaCO 3 particles were employed to modify hard PVC simultaneously. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and mechanical test were used to evaluate the properties of the composites. Mathematical models for the mechanical properties of PVC ternary composites were investigated by using a method combining design of experiments (DOE), Kriging surrogate model, and data analysis to investigate the various weight ratios addition of nano-CaCO 3 and ABS on the mechanical properties of compounded PVC and predict mechanical properties associated to the studied composites. Benefiting from the proposed strategy, more reliable results and accurate predictions of mechanical properties of the nanocomposites can be extracted from Kriging surrogate model. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1109-1117 molding at 1808C and 10 MPa for 10 min, followed by cooling to room temperature at 10 MPa. CharacterizationStress-strain tests were carried out on an tensile machine (Shenzhen, China) with a crosshead speed of 50 mm/min (GB 16421-1996). The Izod notched impact strength was performed on a RXJ-50 impact tester (Shenzhen, China) and executed according to the regulation mentioned in GB/T 1043.1-2008. All tests above were done at room temperature with five specimens for each sample. Kriging Surrogate ModelThe mechanical properties are nonlinear, implicit function of the weight fractions of different fillers, which can be evaluated FIG. 2. TEM photographs of PVC/ABS/nano-CaCO 3 at a weight ratio of (a) 100/0/7, (b) 100/12/0, (c) 100/15/4, (d) 100/18/8. FIG. 3. Plots of effect of the nano-CaCO 3 and ABS content on the elastic modulus of PVC nanocomposites: (a) response surface, (b) contour plot. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]

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“…This is the most frequently-used grade because of its relatively low cost. 11 Debonding not only increases volume of voids in composites but also causes substantial degradation of mechanical performance. The other essential drawback comes from its chemical structure which does not contain any groups which may interact with PVC, therefore its application usually results in lowering the mechanical performance of the product.…”

Section: Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

PVC Additives

Wypych¹

2015

PVC Formulary

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Void nucleation and growth in mineral-filled PVC – An experimental and numerical study

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Volumetric strain measurement of polymeric materials subjected to uniaxial tension

Volumetric strain measurement of polymeric materials subjected to uniaxial tension

Mathematical modeling for the mechanical properties of poly(vinylchloride) ternary composites

PVC Additives

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