Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US

Kelly, Niamh; Keshishian, Lara

doi:10.1017/s0332586521000093

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In the next Section 4.2, I discuss ambiguous outcomes of similar phonological processes, final laryngeal neutralization, in Toronto Polish and the local English (Łyskawa et al 2016). Finally, in Section 4.3, I review asymmetric laryngeal patterns of Western Armenian, a HL spoken in Lebanon and in the US and in contact with Voicing (Arabic) and Aspirating (English) languages (Kelly and Keshishian 2021). The goal of this survey is to demonstrate the value of the integrated multilingual sound system for analysing HL sound systems, and to discuss limitations on what we can determine about HL phonology based largely on surface-level phonetics.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A critical component for furthering our understanding of the underlying structures and characteristics of heritage languages is through examination of patterns in a variety of contact scenarios, or dyads (Scontras and Putnam 2020). Kelly and Keshishian (2021) make an important contribution with their investigation of Western Armenian (WA) laryngeal features in two bilingual settings: for HSs with (i) Arabic and (ii) English as the MajL. They find surface patterns that clearly align with the MajL phonological systems: Voicing for Arabic and Aspirating for English (Kelly and Keshishian 2021).…”

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kelly and Keshishian (2021) make an important contribution with their investigation of Western Armenian (WA) laryngeal features in two bilingual settings: for HSs with (i) Arabic and (ii) English as the MajL. They find surface patterns that clearly align with the MajL phonological systems: Voicing for Arabic and Aspirating for English (Kelly and Keshishian 2021). Yet, the extent to which the contrastive representations of the WA has undergone changes in one or either setting remains unclear based on phonetics alone.…”

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 A comparison of these systems is presented in Table 6. Kelly and Keshishian (2021) show that when one of these underlying systems is in contact with Arabic in Lebanon, speakers implement the contrast as voiced [b d g] and voiceless [p t k]; in the US, however, speakers have aspirated [p h t h k h ] and vary between fully voiced [b d g] and plain [p t k]. It is undeniable that HL bilingualism influences the phonetic patterns of WA stops to align more closely to the MajL (Kelly and Keshishian 2021).…”

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kelly and Keshishian (2021) show that when one of these underlying systems is in contact with Arabic in Lebanon, speakers implement the contrast as voiced [b d g] and voiceless [p t k]; in the US, however, speakers have aspirated [p h t h k h ] and vary between fully voiced [b d g] and plain [p t k]. It is undeniable that HL bilingualism influences the phonetic patterns of WA stops to align more closely to the MajL (Kelly and Keshishian 2021). Based on the three potential contrastive representations for a phonetically overmarked voiced-aspirated distinction outlined in Table 6, different interpretations of the outcomes in the separate contact settings follow.…”

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Modeling Heritage Language Phonetics and Phonology: Toward an Integrated Multilingual Sound System

Natvig

2021

Languages

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Although heritage language phonology is often argued to be fairly stable, heritage language speakers often sound noticeably different from both monolinguals and second-language learners. In order to model these types of asymmetries, I propose a theoretical framework—an integrated multilingual sound system—based on modular representations of an integrated set of phonological contrasts. An examination of general findings in laryngeal (voicing, aspiration, etc.) phonetics and phonology for heritage languages shows that procedures for pronouncing phonemes are variable and plastic, even if abstract may representations remain stable. Furthermore, an integrated multilingual sound system predicts that use of one language may require a subset of the available representations, which illuminates the mechanisms that underlie phonological transfer, attrition, and acquisition.

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Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asymmetric Outcomes Across Dyads: Western Armenianmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Modeling Heritage Language Phonetics and Phonology: Toward an Integrated Multilingual Sound System

Natvig

2021

Languages

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Armenian (Yerevan Eastern Armenian and Beirut Western Armenian)

Seyfarth,

Dolatian,

Guekguezian

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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Armenian (or , /hɑjeˈɾen/, ISO 639-1 hy) comprises an independent branch of the Indo-European language family.1 Its earliest attested ancestor is Classical Armenian in the fifth century CE (see Godel 1975; Thomson 1989; DeLisi 2015; Macak 2016). Modern Armenian is classified into two dialect families: Eastern Armenian (ISO 639-3 hye) and Western Armenian (ISO 639-3 hyw). Eastern Armenian is spoken in modern-day Armenia, and large speaker communities also exist in Georgia, Russia and Iran (shown in Figure 1). Western Armenian was historically spoken in the Ottoman Empire, but now includes varieties spoken throughout the Armenian diaspora in the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas (Donabédian 2018). There are substantial Western Armenian speaker communities in Turkey (Istanbul), Lebanon (Beirut), Syria (Aleppo, Damascus), California (Fresno, Los Angeles County), France (Marseilles), Australia (Sydney) and Argentina (Buenos Aires). There are also recent diaspora communities of Eastern Armenian speakers in California (Karapetian 2014), as well as communities of Western Armenian speakers in Armenia who escaped the Armenian genocide during World War I, who repatriated after World War II, or who fled the ongoing Syrian civil war. UNESCO lists Western Armenian as an endangered language in Turkey, and there are significant language promotion efforts in many diaspora communities that are intended to combat declining use by speaker generations born in the Americas and Europe (Al-Bataineh 2015; Chahinian & Bakalian 2016).

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Acoustics of guttural fricatives in Arabic, Armenian, and Kurdish: A case in remote data collection

Ariyaee,

Ben-Ammar,

Tahtadjian

et al. 2024

Laboratory Phonology

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Gutturals – uvulars, pharyngeals, and laryngeals – are relatively phonetically under-studied, with previous acoustic investigations being limited to a handful of languages (and mainly Arabic). The goal of this paper is twofold: (i) to provide an acoustic documentation of guttural fricatives /χ,ʁ,(ħ,ʕ),h/ in three under-documented languages/dialects – Emirati Arabic, Iraqi Central Kurdish, and Lebanese Western Armenian, and (ii) through this to test the reliability of remote data collection for the analysis of fricatives. Fifty-nine participants residing in United Arab Emirates, Iraq, and Lebanon (18-21 per language) completed an online audio-recording experiment. Word-initial, -medial, and -final fricatives in real words, embedded in carrier phrases, were measured for four spectral moments, relative intensity, and duration. The results showed consistent place and voicing differences in all three languages. Specifically, center of gravity and standard deviation of fricative noise were higher for uvulars and lower for pharyngeals and /h/. Voicing was consistently distinguished by duration, among other variables. Some positional and gender differences were also observed. Overall, the results obtained for fricatives in three languages are remarkably similar to those previously reported for Arabic and other languages, providing evidence for shared acoustic properties of gutturals, as well as confirming the validity of the remote audio recording method.

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Voicing patterns in stops among heritage speakers of Western Armenian in Lebanon and the US

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Modeling Heritage Language Phonetics and Phonology: Toward an Integrated Multilingual Sound System

Modeling Heritage Language Phonetics and Phonology: Toward an Integrated Multilingual Sound System

Armenian (Yerevan Eastern Armenian and Beirut Western Armenian)

Acoustics of guttural fricatives in Arabic, Armenian, and Kurdish: A case in remote data collection

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