Voices on Diversity: Combating Racial Inequality to Increase Diversity

Silva-Fisher, Jessica; Guerrier, Sabrice; Nervo, Lathiena Manning; Guerra, Amaliris; McGill, Lakeya S.; Brooks, Dominique; Joseph, Josiane; Walker, Marquis; Ayombil, Francis; Odinammadu, Kamsi

doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.12.022

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Several findings suggest that both GIGYF2‐4EHP and ZNF598 aim to minimize ribosome collisions: the translational repressor GIGYF2‐4EHP blocks new rounds of translation onto problematic mRNAs and marks these transcripts for decay whereas ZNF598 catalyzes 40S ribosomal subunit ubiquitinations required for ribosome rescue by the ribosome‐associated quality control (RQC) pathway (Hickey et al, 2020 ; Juszkiewicz et al, 2020 ; Sinha et al, 2020 ; Weber et al, 2020 ; Figure 4 ). In particular, ZNF598 is able to discriminate between transient or long‐lasting collisions and is essential to resolve ribosome queuing that can form on mRNAs containing ribosome stalling sequences (Goldman et al, 2021 ). In addition to ZNF598, a second E3 ubiquitin ligase was reported to function in RQC.…”

Section: The Ribosome As a Hub For Mrna Decay Quality Control And Stress Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, in spite of this complexity, there is evidence that, tRNA availability plays an important role in addition to RNA‐binding proteins. In humans, expression of tRNAs is not perfectly correlated to tRNA copy number (Behrens et al, 2021 ), thus indicating a potential level of regulation. Accordingly, the expression of tRNA isodecoders has been shown to differ significantly between tissues (Pinkard et al, 2020 ; Schmitt et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Codon and Amino Acid Usage Modulate Mrna Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ribosome dynamics and mRNA turnover, a complex relationship under constant cellular scrutiny

2021

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Eukaryotic gene expression is closely regulated by translation and turnover of mRNAs. Recent advances highlight the importance of translation in the control of mRNA degradation, both for aberrant and apparently normal mRNAs.During translation, the information contained in mRNAs is decoded by ribosomes, one codon at a time, and tRNAs, by specifically recognizing codons, translate the nucleotide code into amino acids. Such a decoding step does not process regularly, with various obstacles that can hinder ribosome progression, then leading to ribosome stalling or collisions. The progression of ribosomes is constantly monitored by the cell which has evolved several translationdependent mRNA surveillance pathways, including nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), no-go decay (NGD), and non-stop decay (NSD), to degrade certain problematic mRNAs and the incomplete protein products. Recent progress in sequencing and ribosome profiling has made it possible to discover new mechanisms controlling ribosome dynamics, with numerous crosstalks between translation and mRNA decay. We discuss here various translation features critical for mRNA decay, with particular focus on current insights from the complexity of the genetic code and also the emerging role for the ribosome as a regulatory hub orchestrating mRNA decay, quality control, and stress signaling. Even if the interplay between mRNA translation and degradation is no longer to be demonstrated, a better understanding of their precise coordination is worthy of further investigation.

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Section: The Ribosome As a Hub For Mrna Decay Quality Control And Stress Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Codon and Amino Acid Usage Modulate Mrna Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosome dynamics and mRNA turnover, a complex relationship under constant cellular scrutiny

2021

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“…Similar SMC behavior was recently observed in C. crescentus ( Tran et al, 2017 ) cells. Furthermore, Karaboja et al (2021) recently showed that in B. subtilis these processive SMCs ultimately unload near the ter macrodomain. It was demonstrated that BsSMC is also capable of entrapping DNA within its structure ( Wilhelm et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Smcs Compact Sister Chromosomes Into Individual Entitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another player in regulating the distribution of the SMCs along the genome is the XerCD/dif system, where XerC and XerD proteins bind at the dif site in the terminus domain and catalyze the resolution of chromosome dimers that arise as a result of replication ( Blakely et al, 1993 ; Cornet et al, 1997 ; Sciochetti et al, 1999 , 2001 ; Lesterlin et al, 2004 ; Midonet and Barre, 2015 ). It was recently shown that XerD functions as a site-specific unloader of SMC complexes in B. subtillis ( Karaboja et al, 2021 ), although such mechanism has not been shown yet in E. coli .…”

Section: Smcs Compact Sister Chromosomes Into Individual Entitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms for Chromosome Segregation in Bacteria

2021

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The process of DNA segregation, the redistribution of newly replicated genomic material to daughter cells, is a crucial step in the life cycle of all living systems. Here, we review DNA segregation in bacteria which evolved a variety of mechanisms for partitioning newly replicated DNA. Bacterial species such as Caulobacter crescentus and Bacillus subtilis contain pushing and pulling mechanisms that exert forces and directionality to mediate the moving of newly synthesized chromosomes to the bacterial poles. Other bacteria such as Escherichia coli lack such active segregation systems, yet exhibit a spontaneous de-mixing of chromosomes due to entropic forces as DNA is being replicated under the confinement of the cell wall. Furthermore, we present a synopsis of the main players that contribute to prokaryotic genome segregation. We finish with emphasizing the importance of bottom-up approaches for the investigation of the various factors that contribute to genome segregation.

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“…RqcH delivers charged alanine tRNA to the 50S, which occupies a free A site. RqcH specifically binds Ala-tRNA due to the fact that the nucleotides G35 and C36 of the tRNA anticodon and the amino acid residues of the RqcH NFACT-N domain form Watson–Crick-like interactions [ 46 ]. Further, a polypeptide chain is transferred.…”

Section: Factors Causing Emergency Translation Termination Not Associated With Peptidyl-trna Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Control Mechanisms in Bacterial Translation

2021

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Ribosome stalling during translation significantly reduces cell viability, because cells have to spend resources on the synthesis of new ribosomes. Therefore, all bacteria have developed various mechanisms of ribosome rescue. Usually, the release of ribosomes is preceded by hydrolysis of the tRNApeptide bond, but, in some cases, the ribosome can continue translation thanks to the activity of certain factors. This review describes the mechanisms of ribosome rescue thanks to trans-translation and the activity of the ArfA, ArfB, BrfA, ArfT, HflX, and RqcP/H factors, as well as continuation of translation via the action of EF-P, EF-4, and EttA. Despite the ability of some systems to duplicate each other, most of them have their unique functional role, related to the quality control of bacterial translation in certain abnormalities caused by mutations, stress cultivation conditions, or antibiotics.

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Voices on Diversity: Combating Racial Inequality to Increase Diversity

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Ribosome dynamics and mRNA turnover, a complex relationship under constant cellular scrutiny

Ribosome dynamics and mRNA turnover, a complex relationship under constant cellular scrutiny

Mechanisms for Chromosome Segregation in Bacteria

Quality Control Mechanisms in Bacterial Translation

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