“…Among people aged 55-64, only 0.6% participated in training within ICT or engineering. The majority of evaluation studies in Western European countries have found that adult education has positive employment effects (Card et al, 2018;Picchio and van Ours, 2013;Dauth and Toomet, 2016;Doerr, 2022;Fouarge et al, 2013;Hällsten, 2012;Midtsundstad and Nielsen, 2019). However, voucher-financed education (governments subsidise courses chosen by individuals) appears to be an exception.…”