Vocational behavior and career development, 1977: A review

Difficult Cases in Career Counseling: II—The Indecisive Client

“…(Note that in the present paper the indecisive individual is not categorized as a type of undecided person). As reviewed by Zytowski (1978), the three types of undecided persons suggested by Holland & Holland are : 1) a group which simply doesn't have to decide yet, and so stays undecided; 2) a group which is mildly anxious, immature, or incompetent; and 3) a final group which might be described as having a disposition toward indecisiveness. (p.…”

Evaluating the effectiveness of career interventions.

“…The majority of all published evaluations of career interventions has focused on only one type of intervention, often not including a control group and only rarely attending to client attributes that might differentially affect the results of the intervention. Six reviews in the past decade (Betz, 1977;Krumboltz, Becker-Haven, & Burnett, 1979;Osipow, 1976;Super & Hall, 1978;Walsh, 1979;Zytowski, 1978) have identified most of these studies. The specific focus of the present review is on all of Copyright 1981 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0022-0167/81/2801-0077$00.75 those evaluations of career intervention effectiveness that have examined the influence of client attributes on outcomes and/or the differential effects of two or more interventions.…”

Faculty teaching goals: A test of Holland's theory.

“…Further, environmental consistency (i.e., the degree to which an environment is composed of like or reasonably similar personality types) and differentiation (i.e., the degree to which an environment is dominated largely by a single personality type) are posited as being positively related to the vocational stability and satisfaction of individuals. Periodic critiques of the research literature on vocational behavior and career development by Osipow (1976), Betz (1977), Zytowski (1978), and Walsh (1979) provide additional insights into the background theory of Holland's (1973) propositions and related empirical findings. Walsh (1973) also provided a thorough summary and critique of five person-environment interaction models based on six attributes of formal theories (i.e., comprehensiveness, clarity and explicitness, operational adequacy, incorporation of known findings, parsimony, and generation of empirical research).…”