Vocabulary learning benefits from REM after slow-wave sleep

Batterink, Laura; Westerberg, Carmen E.; Paller, Ken A.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.07.001

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…In the Hebrew‐to‐Arabic translation production test, administered only in Sessions 3 and 4, there was a significant improvement between sessions in both accuracy ( M = 0.38 vs. M = 0.44) and RT ( M = 1,482 milliseconds vs. M = 1,400 milliseconds). This pattern was consistent with that found in previous research showing a significant increase in performance in a translation production task between sessions that did not include learning cycles (Degani et al., ) and may reflect consolidation processes (Batterink, Westerberg, & Paller, ). The translation type effect was not present and was not modulated by session.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

How Individual Differences Affect Learning of Translation‐Ambiguous Vocabulary

Degani

Goldberg

2019

Language Learning

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This study examined interactions of word and learner characteristics during foreign vocabulary learning, focusing on translation ambiguity and individual differences in cognitive resources and linguistic background (language proficiency, multilingual experience). Fifty-three native Hebrew speakers and Russian-Hebrew multilinguals learned the phonological form of target Arabic words along with their Hebrew translations and definitions. The mapping could be translation ambiguous, with a single Hebrew word translated into two Arabic words (one-to-many) or translation unambiguous (oneto-one mapping). Results from translation production and meaning recognition tests revealed that translation-ambiguous words were more difficult to learn than translationunambiguous words. This disadvantage did not dissipate with time, and learners' phonological short-term memory was associated with increased translation ambiguity costs. Learners' proficiency in the language through which learning took place (Hebrew), but not degree of multilingualism, modulated learning. Findings underscore the importance of item and learner interactions, clarifying the multilingualism effect in novel language learning. active competition between the different alternative translations may hinder performance, which is in line with assumptions of competitive inhibitory interactions between connected representations in interactive activation models (Doherty, 2004;McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981). Second, translation-ambiguous words may suffer from a decrease in associative strength, similar to the fan effect (e.g., Anderson, 1974). The fan effect assumes that as more facts are associated with a concept, each fact has decreased probability of occurrence and thus lower associative strength. As a result, the more facts that are connected to a concept, the longer individuals take to recall the concept. In the case of translation-ambiguous words, a learner would take longer to retrieve a translation if additional translations are linked to the same word.The majority of previous studies have examined the one-to-many direction of ambiguity, where a single L1 word was mapped onto two foreign language vocabulary items (for an exception focusing on many-to-one mapping, see

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

How Individual Differences Affect Learning of Translation‐Ambiguous Vocabulary

Degani

Goldberg

2019

Language Learning

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“…Because the nap was an afternoon nap it was not optimised for variation in REM duration: only half the participants actually reached REM sleep. Although it should be noted that nap studies have in the past been useful for understanding the involvement of REM sleep in memory consolidation (e.g., Batterink, Westerberg, & Paller, 2017), further research (e.g., using overnight sleep recording) would be valuable to identify what aspects of sleep if any are influential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual priming of word meanings is stabilized over sleep

Gaskell¹,

Cairney²,

Rodd³

2018

Preprint

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Evidence is growing for the involvement of consolidation processes in the learning and retention of language, largely based on instances of new linguistic components (e.g., new words). Here, we assessed whether consolidation effects extend to the semantic processing of highly familiar words. The experiments were based on the word-meaning priming paradigm in which a homophone is encountered in a context that biases interpretation towards the subordinate meaning. The homophone is subsequently used in a word-association test to determine whether the priming encounter facilitates the retrieval of the primed meaning. In Experiment 1 (N = 74), we tested the resilience of priming over periods of 2 and 12 hours that were spent awake or asleep, and found that sleep periods were associated with stronger subsequent priming effects. In Experiment 2 (N = 55) we tested whether the sleep benefit could be explained in terms of a lack of retroactive interference by testing participants 24 hours after priming. Participants who had the priming encounter in the evening showed stronger priming effects after 24 hours than participants primed in the morning, suggesting that sleep makes priming resistant to interference during the following day awake. The results suggest that consolidation effects can be found even for highly familiar linguistic materials. We interpret these findings in terms of a contextual binding account in which all language perception provides a learning opportunity, with sleep and consolidation contributing to the updating of our expectations, ready for the next day.

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“…A nap, then, cannot be viewed simply as a condensed version of overnight sleep. Furthermore, interactions between sleep stages have been proposed to play a significant role in memory consolidation (Batterink et al, 2017;Giuditta, 2014;Giuditta et al, 1995). The sequential hypothesis, for example, theorizes that the brain sorts new information and distinguishes the relevant memories during SWS; these new memory traces are then integrated into existing schemata during REM sleep (Giuditta, 2014;Giuditta et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong evidence also suggests a role for NREM sleep in declarative memory consolidation (Diekelmann & Born, 2010, for review), with several more recent studies also suggesting a role for SWS in emotional memory consolidation and memory integration (Alger et al, 2018;Gais & Born, 2004;Lewis & Durrant, 2011;Payne & Kensinger, 2018;Payne et al, 2015). Furthermore, there is some evidence that it is not purely the presence of REM or SWS, but rather the interactions between the two that lead to memory consolidation (Batterink, Westerberg, & Paller, 2017;Giuditta, 2014;Giuditta et al, 1995). One proposed theory, known as the sequential hypothesis, suggests that memory consolidation is the result of selective strengthening or elimination during SWS followed by a reactivation and then reintegration of the strengthened memories during REM sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnight sleep benefits both neutral and negative direct associative and relational memory

Huguet

Payne

Kim

et al. 2019

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Strong evidence suggests that sleep plays a role in memory consolidation, which involves both stabilizing memory into long-term storage as well as integrating new information into existing stores. The current study investigated consolidation, across a day of wakefulness or night of sleep, of emotional and neutral directly learned visual paired associates (A-B/B-C pairs) as well as formation of memory for relational pairs formed via overlapping learned components (A-C pairs). Participants learned 40 negative and 40 neutral face-object pairs followed by a baseline test in session 1 either in the morning or evening. They then spent a 12-hour retention period during which participants either went about their normal day or spent the night in the sleep lab. During session 2, participants completed a surprise test to assess their memory for relational pairs (A-C) as well as memory for direct associates (A-B/B-C). As hypothesized, the results demonstrated that a 12-hour retention period predominantly spent asleep, compared to awake, benefited memory for both relational and direct associative memory. However, contrary to the hypothesis that emotional salience would promote preferential consolidation, sleep appeared to benefit both negative and neutral information similarly for direct associative and relational memories, suggesting that sleep may interact with other factors affecting encoding (e.g., depth of encoding) to benefit direct and relational associative memory. As one of the few studies examining the role of nocturnal sleep and emotion on both direct and relational associative memory, our findings suggest key insights into how overnight sleep consolidates these different forms of memory.

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Vocabulary learning benefits from REM after slow-wave sleep

Cited by 39 publications

References 67 publications

How Individual Differences Affect Learning of Translation‐Ambiguous Vocabulary

How Individual Differences Affect Learning of Translation‐Ambiguous Vocabulary

Contextual priming of word meanings is stabilized over sleep

Overnight sleep benefits both neutral and negative direct associative and relational memory

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