VOC-free tricomponent reaction platform for epoxy network formation mediated by a recyclable ionic liquid

Abstract

Herein we propose a simple, volatile organic solvent (VOC)-free tricomponent reaction platform for the stoichiometric step-growth polymerization between diepoxy resins and dicarboxylic acid in an imidazolium IL medium. The established...

Fast carbon dioxide–epoxide cycloaddition catalyzed by metal and metal-free ionic liquids for designing non-isocyanate polyurethanes

“…Concurrent interpretation of our DFT and NMR results, and corroborating with previous reports, 31,36,56,57,78,79 the proposed reaction mechanism steps for the BMIMCl-catalyzed cyclic carbonate formation is herein presented (Fig. 3a).…”

“…PGE was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (99%, 150 g mol −1 ), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl, 99%, 174.67 g mol −1 ) was purchased from Iolitech and purified before use as described in our previous paper. 36 n -Butylamine was purchased from Fluka Chemicals (73.14 g mol −1 ). The structures of epoxy monomers, amines, and all ILs used are shown in Fig.…”

“…[56][57][58] This proves at first glance the catalytic ability of imidazolium-based ILs to initiate the ring-opening of epoxy monomers, which is in line with our previous findings using BMIMCl. 36 The use of a lower concentration of ILs (1 and 5 mol%) revealed only a partial opening of epoxy groups (Fig. S4, ESI †).…”

“…Based on previous findings showing the remarkable catalytic activity of imidazolium ILs for epoxy ring opening, 36 herein we further investigate the potential of imidazolium ILs in CO 2 cycloaddition. Moreover, we explore the catalytic potential of discrete MILs for the copolymerization of CO 2 and epoxides.…”

Intercalation of Ionic Liquids into LDH Structures for Microwave-Accelerated Polymerizations

“…Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as polymerization catalysts/initiators of ε-caprolactone (εCL), ε-caprolactam, and epoxy resins. − ILs are organic salts whose melting point is below 100 °C; indeed, many are liquids at room temperature. , IL molecules usually consist of a cationic “head” with an anionic counterion and one or more hydrophobic (aliphatic and/or aromatic) “tails.” Depending on the type of cationic core, the size and type of the counterion, the length of aliphatic alkyl chain(s), or a combination of alkyl chains with aromatic structures, ILs exhibit several intrinsic properties such as low volatility, high thermal and chemical stability, insignificant flammability, good thermal conductivity, high ionic mobility, stability in the presence of moisture, etc. − Mainly thanks to beneficially high thermal stability and tuneable chemical structures, ILs have a huge potential for applications in the field of polymers, e.g., as initiators of polymerization, catalysts, curing agents, , or building blocks of polymer networks. , However, the high viscosity of ILs and their difficult separation from the products are the main limitations of their wider use in polymer catalysis …”