Providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees in a broadband Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network places stringent demands on the network switches. Although analytical techniques may be used to bound the worst-case performance of traffic scheduling and congestion control algorithms, these are often inadequate for modeling the switch algorithms at the needed level of detail. Simulation is often the only alternative for evaluating the actual performance of the network. However, owing to the small size of the ATM cell and the high link-speeds, simulation of ATM switches and networks in a computationally demanding problem. To address this problem, we have developed a flexible hardware testbed for simulation of ATM-based networks. The testbed, called FAST (FPGA-based ATM simulation testbed), uses high-density field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to allow implementation of the key algorithms in an ATM switch in hardware. The first version of the testbed (FAST-1) consists of a set of boards, each providing a total of 336,000 usable gates and 17 Mbytes of static RAM. Each board can be used to simulate an ATM switch, and multiple boards may be interconnected to simulate networks of ATM switches. Software tools have been developed for specifying the components of the switch model and algorithms, configuring the testbed for simulation, and monitoring the simulation process. This article provides an overview of the architecture of the FAST-1 board, describes its key components, and discusses some example simulation models of traffic scheduling algorithms using the board.