Vivisection, Virtue, and the Law in the Nineteenth Century

Bates, Alan

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-55697-4_2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The first described experience, by some authors, is dated in the fourth century BC in ancient Greece [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. From then on, and until the nineteenth century, animal experimentation was practiced, especially in all of Europe, and it was mainly focused on the same goals as in ancient Greece, i.e., to generate useful anatomical knowledge for human medicine [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

2022

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Science has been taking profit from animal models since the first translational experiments back in ancient Greece. From there, and across all history, several remarkable findings have been obtained using animal models. One of the most popular models, especially for research in infectious diseases, is the mouse. Regarding research in tuberculosis, the mouse has provided useful information about host and bacterial traits related to susceptibility to the infection. The effect of aging, sexual dimorphisms, the route of infection, genetic differences between mice lineages and unbalanced immunity scenarios upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis development has helped, helps and will help biomedical researchers in the design of new tools for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis, despite various discrepancies and the lack of deep study in some areas of these traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

2022

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Animals Used in Experimental Pharmacology and 3 Rs

Sivakrishnan¹,

Anbiah²

2021

Pharmacophore

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Drugs, vital weapons in healthcare, are only used in therapeutics after being tested in the lab. In both animals and humans, the roles of cells and organs are essentially the same. Many of the functions of animal cells are similar to those of human cells. Humans are classified as animals biologically. Animals are used to study how diseases impact living tissue, develop and test interventions, including animal medications, and educate future scientists and health-care practitioners. Animals have also played an important role in the advancement of research; several new drug discoveries have been made possible thanks to animal testing. Animal experimentation has its drawbacks, which include animal procurement, the complexity of conducting animal experiments, stringent rules, ethical considerations, and, more often than not, the interests of students. That is why, in today's world, other approaches and emerging technology, such as computer simulations, are increasingly replacing animal use. The article reveals animals used in experimental pharmacology. Alternatives for using animals in pharmacology education, on the other hand, have been suggested.

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Vivisection, Virtue, and the Law in the Nineteenth Century

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

Animals Used in Experimental Pharmacology and 3 Rs

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