Vivianite as an important iron phosphate precipitate in sewage treatment plants

Wilfert, Philipp; Mandalidis, A.; Dugulan, A. Iulian; Goubitz, K.; Korving, Leon; Temmink, Hardy; Witkamp, G.J.; Loosdrecht, Mark C.M. van

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.032

Cited by 180 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Since the Fe/P molar ratio of vivianite is significantly higher than the ferric P complexes, ferric P reduction can be used to achieve greater P immobilization as a low solubility mineral. Recent work has confirmed this hypothesis showing that vivianite can be the dominate phase of P at WWTPs that employ iron for chemical P removal and anaerobic digestion (Wilfert et al, 2016(Wilfert et al, , 2018. Researchers have hypothesized that the magnetic properties of vivianite could enable separation from sludge, heightening its potential for P recovery from aqueous waste streams.…”

Section: Phosphorus Mineralogy Of Waste Streams: Chemical Removal Fromentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The chemical reactions which take place in the wastewater system due to iron salt addition are complex and result in much larger iron demand than that required by the precipitation reactions alone. The removal of P can occur via multiple pathways: (i) adsorption of phosphate onto hydrated ferric oxides, (ii) coprecipitation of phosphate into the iron oxide structures, (iii) precipitation of ferric phosphate, (iv) precipitation of mixed cation phosphates (Wilfert et al, 2016). Iron (III) dosage induces rapid hydrous ferric oxide precipitation (Parsons and Smith, 2008;Hauduc et al, 2015).…”

Section: Phosphorus Mineralogy Of Waste Streams: Chemical Removal Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

et al. 2019

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Redirecting anthropogenic waste phosphorus (P) flows from receiving water bodies to high P demand agricultural fields requires a resource management approach that integrates biogeochemistry, agronomy, engineering, and economics. In the US Midwest, agricultural reuse of P recovered from spatially colocated waste streams stands to reduce point‐source P discharges, meet agricultural P needs, and—depending on the speciation of recovered P—mitigate P losses from agriculture. However, the speciation of P recovered from waste streams via its chemical transformation—referred to here as recovered P (rP) differs markedly based on waste stream composition and recovery method, which can further interact with soil and crop characteristics of agricultural sinks. The solubility of rP presents key tensions between engineered P recovery and agronomic reuse because it defines both the ability to remove organic and inorganic P from aqueous streams and the crop availability of rP. The potential of rP generation and composition differs greatly among animal, municipal, and grain milling waste streams due to the aqueous speciation of P and presence of coprecipitants. Two example rP forms, phytin and struvite, engage in distinct biogeochemical processes on addition to soils that ultimately influence crop uptake and potential losses of rP. These processes also influence the fate of nitrogen (N) embodied in rP. The economics of rP generation and reuse will determine if and which rP are produced. Matching rP species to appropriate agricultural systems is critical to develop sustainable and financially viable regional exchanges of rP from wastewater treatment to agricultural end users. Core Ideas There is high potential for recovering P (rP) from point sources for agricultural reuse. rP speciation depends on recovery source and method, interacts with soils and crops. Engineering, agronomic, and economic considerations of rP are context‐specific.

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Section: Phosphorus Mineralogy Of Waste Streams: Chemical Removal Fromentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Phosphorus Mineralogy Of Waste Streams: Chemical Removal Fromentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

et al. 2019

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“…Precipitates containing magnesium, calcium, ammonium, and phosphate are generally spotted in anaerobic digestion [59] and have been found in AnMBR concentrate and fouled membrane layer analyses. The chemical compounds containing calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and ammonium are suggested to be formed, such as struvite formation [22] and vivianite (Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·8(H 2 O) [60]. The organic compounds contain ionizable groups including carboxyl group (COO − ), can precipitate Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , and Fe 3+ found in the fouling layer.…”

Section: Sem-eds Analysis Of the Fouling Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Fouling Characteristics of a Side-Stream Tubular Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Treating Domestic Wastewater

Vincent

Tong

et al. 2018

Processes

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A lab-scale of a side stream anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) equipped with a tubular membrane operated at the mesophilic temperature of 37.0 ± 1.2 • C for treating domestic wastewater was tested to investigate its performance and fouling characteristics at two organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.25 kg COD m −3 d −1 , and 0.70 kg COD m −3 d −1 , respectively. The AnMBR was operated for 600 days at sludge retention time (SRT) of 100 days. This AnMBR exhibits excellent chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 91% at 0.25 kg COD m −3 d −1 , and 94% at 0.7 kg COD m −3 d −1 respectively, with effluent-soluble COD below 50 mg/L. Chemically-enhanced cleaning method using NaOH, NaOCl, and citric acid solution were introduced for fouling investigation at these two stages. The results showed that sequential chemical cleaning of alkaline and acid were most effective to recover the membrane flux. The alkaline cleaning was effective at removing organic foulants, while citric acid cleaning was effective at removing the scalants. The analyses of the excitation emission matrix, gel permeation chromatography, and extracellular polymeric substances indicated that major components of membrane foulants were proteins, carbohydrates, humic, and fulvic acids. At 0.25 kg COD m −3 d −1 , organic fouling was more prone to be trapped in the cake layers and responsible for membrane pore blockage, inorganic fouling exhibited marginal contribution to the membrane fouling behavior. However, at 0.70 kg COD m −3 d −1 , high concentrations of organic and inorganic foulants supported an essential role of organic and inorganic fouling on membrane fouling behavior.Processes 2018, 6, 50 2 of 17 is a challenge in many parts of the world for domestic wastewater treatment. The application of anaerobic conventional technologies, such as up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB), and strengthened circulation anaerobic (SCA) for low-strength domestic wastewater, have shown poor quality of effluent as a result of biomass loss [5,6]. The anaerobic digestion normally operates at mesophilic temperatures due to low biomass growth rate and the reduction of substrate utilization at low operational temperatures [7,8]. Conventional anaerobic technology has been the driving tool to deal with wastewater produced in different parts of the world [9,10]. However, this conventional anaerobic technology has been limited to meet society's needs.The anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology appeared to be the suitable emerging technology. AnMBR has gained in popularity for the treatment of both low-and high-strength wastewater [11] as membrane costs have dropped drastically [12]. This is largely because AnMBR has the ability to provide superior effluent quality for reuse [13], has a small footprint of operation [14], and nutrient recovery compared to conventional anaerobic treatment facility that relies on gravity sedimentation. The AnMBR process proved to be a reliable technology in tourist areas and public places for wastewat...

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“…Similar to struvite, hydroxyapatite can be used as a fertilizer for agriculture. In addition, recovery of phosphorus in the form of vivianite (Equation 2.12) has also been explored as an additional option for phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater (Wang et al, 2019;Wilfert et al, 2016):…”

Section: Nutrient Recovery: a Necessity For Environmental Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to energy and resource recovery from municipal wastewater

Zhang¹

2020

A-B Processes: Towards Energy Self-Sufficient Municipal Wastewater Treatment

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The activated sludge process is regarded by many as a remarkable engineering development of the 20th Century which has made a great contribution to wastewater treatment. But after more than 100 years of successful application, the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process has recently been receiving an increasing number of critiques due to the high energy consumption and excessive sludge generation associated with it. Increasing efforts have been devoted to energy recovery in the form of biogas produced from waste sludge through anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the recoverable electrical energy generated from the AD of waste sludge can only offset about 50-60% of the total input energy of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with CAS as the core process, while energy efficiency could be increased further to about 75% with upgraded AD equipped with pre-treatment of thickening sludge and a combined heat and power (CHP) process (Cao, 2011). Moreover, process upgrading and retrofitting are urgently needed in more and more WWTPs around the world to meet the tightened effluent discharge standards applied in recent years which inevitably lead to a rising trend of in-plant energy consumption. For example, it has been reported that the effluent discharge standards in China have been gradually migrated to quasi Class IV for surface water bodies with very low discharge limits. Consequently, it appears almost impossible or highly challenging to

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Vivianite as an important iron phosphate precipitate in sewage treatment plants

Cited by 180 publications

References 72 publications

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest

Membrane Fouling Characteristics of a Side-Stream Tubular Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) Treating Domestic Wastewater

Approaches to energy and resource recovery from municipal wastewater

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