Vitrimers based on bio-derived chemicals: Overview and future prospects

Krishnakumar, Balaji; Pucci, Andrea; Wadgaonkar, Prakash P.; Kumar, Indresh; Binder, Wolfgang H.; Rana, Sravendra

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133261

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Transesterification-chemistry is one of the most studied chemical reactions used for the development of vitrimeric materials. 75 Qi and co-workers have performed an ethylene glycol and epoxy based transesterification reaction for the recycling of CFRP composites. 76 The authors dissolved the prepared vitrimers in an alcoholic solvent at 160–180 °C, a temperature below the thermal degradation temperature of carbon fibers (∼500 °C) 77 and the epoxy matrix (∼350 °C).…”

Section: Chemistries Used To Develop Vitrimer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imine chemistry has been popular in materials science for a long time owing to its reversible bonding, which is currently considered an marvellous promise in dynamic covalent networks. 75 Imine exchange promoted bio-based vitrimers are prepared from lignin-derived vanillin epoxy (VE) monomer and cured with four different types of curing agents such as 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), diethylenetriamine (DETA), isophoronediamine (IPDA), and polyetheramine D230. The T g of VE–DDM, VE–IPDA, VE–IPDA–D230, and VE–DETA were reported as 143, 132, 84, and 58 °C, respectively.…”

Section: Chemistries Used To Develop Vitrimer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

et al. 2022

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Section: Chemistries Used To Develop Vitrimer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemistries Used To Develop Vitrimer Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

et al. 2022

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“…There are many review articles and viewpoints on the subject of vitrimer. [26,[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190] However, the literature on benzoxazine vitrimers has not been reviewed. Therefore, it is highly relevant to review the state of the art in this area, as the literature on sustainable benzoxazine-based high-performance vitrimers is expected to grow soon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

Anagwu

Thakur

Skordos

2022

Macro Materials & Eng

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Polybenzoxazines are high-performance materials capable of replacing conventional thermosets such as phenolics, epoxies, and bismaleimides in composites manufacturing due to their excellent thermomechanical and chemical behavior. Their versatility and compatibility with biobased precursors make them an attractive option as composite matrices. Like other thermosets, polybenzoxazines are not recyclable and cannot be reprocessed. Incorporating dynamic bonds in benzoxazine monomers can produce vitrimeric polybenzoxazines, which can potentially overcome this limitation and can be tuned to exhibit smart functionalities such as self-healing and shape memory. Dynamic bond exchange mechanisms for vitrimer development such as transesterification, imine bond, disulfide exchange, transamination, transcarbamoylation, transalkylation, olefin metathesis, transcarbonation, siloxane-silanol exchange, boronic ester, silyl ether exchange, and dioxaborolane metathesis are potentially applicable to benzoxazine chemistry, with disulfide bond and transesterification having successfully vitrimerized benzoxazines with topological transitions at −8.5 and 88 °C, respectively. Benzoxazine vitrimers featuring glass transitions of 193, 224, and 222-236 °C are now known. These place polybenzoxazines at the forefront of the development of reprocessable and recyclable thermosetting polymers and composite matrices.

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“…34 Substantially, some more biobased nanofiller involve vitrimer investigations have been reported. 48 This outlook explains that the vitrimer is a cross-linked polymer network and the nanoparticles dispersion throughout the material could create a material with high yield stress and viscosity, and which also making it ideal for printing applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic bond exchangeable thermoset vitrimers in 3D‐printing

Krishnakumar

Dickens

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Dynamic bond exchanging vitrimers have emerged recently due to their malleability, self‐heal ability, recyclability, and mechanical stability. Likewise, 3D printing is consciously introduced at different platforms for ease of fabrication, high throughput, cost‐effectiveness, and waste reduction. These two distinctive techniques have recently made their consensus performance, resulting from a phenomenal change in the printing field. Conventionally, thermoplastic inks have been primarily used in 3D printing, owing to their effortless processability. At the same time, thermosets were utilized for their superior mechanical strength. However, these two essential properties have been required to be presented in the printed material. In that scenario, thermoset vitrimer materials have been introduced in 3D printing, where malleability and mechanical stability have been observed in the same material. Thus, this article details the recent vitrimer material included with the different 3D printing system systems with their reported results to understand and make them widespread. Eventually, the outlook and perspectives could be helpful to understand and enhance this specific field.

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Vitrimers based on bio-derived chemicals: Overview and future prospects

Cited by 44 publications

References 117 publications

Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

Self-healable fiber-reinforced vitrimer composites: overview and future prospects

High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications

Dynamic bond exchangeable thermoset vitrimers in 3D‐printing

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