Vitrification: An alternative to minimize environmental impact caused by leather industry wastes

Effect of tannery wastes and biochar on soil chemical and physicochemical properties and growth traits of radish

“…The quantity of wastes from tanneries depends on the type of the leather manufacturing process, skin resource, and techniques used. At the end of the leather manufacturing process, around 20% of the weight of raw skin is changed to leather (Basegio et al, 2009). The types of tannery solid wastes are generally divided into three groups as: -skin hair which is separated by ferrous sulphate, these wastes are in the form of mass and wet material, -oily sludge: fat tissue which is separated from skin and to some extent without pollution, -chromium sludge: includes partially digested tissues and chromium, which is heavy with green and dark blue cover, which are among the most risky wastes (Meehan et al, 2001).…”

Vitrification as an alternative to landfilling of tannery sewage sludge

“…Vitrification of the waste which is rich in chromium with the suitable additives allows for immobilization of this metal by its incorporation into a silica matrix without a risk of emitting it to the atmosphere in the process (Bień et al, 2007;Basegio et al, 2009).…”

Stabilization of chromium: An alternative to make safe leathers

“…The researchers found that hexavalent chromium presence was tightly related to the processing and disposing conditions for the leather, such as the leather chemicals (the retanning agents [6], the fatliquoring agents [7,8]), the acidity of the leather [9], the ironing temperature [10], the relative humidity of the storing environment [11,12] and the incineration temperature [13][14][15]. Although carcinogenic hexavalent chromium can be temporarily converted into nontoxic trivalent chromium with the reducing agents [16], some additional hexavalent chromium is usually found in the leather during the following usage period.…”