Vitreoretinal juncture —Simple epiretinal membranes

Foos, Robert Y.

doi:10.1007/bf02384852

Cited by 187 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Previous studies provided anecdotal evidence that the cells are commonly seen on the retinal surface in eyes from middle aged and elderly patients. 1,12,27 This study shows that in eyes with attached vitreous laminocytes are rare, but commonly seen in eyes with PVD. Nevertheless, the presence of occasional laminocytes lying between the ILM and vitreous in cases with attached gel Figure 5e and f, and their presence on the surface of the posterior hyaloid after PVD, 34 provides evidence of their arrival at the vitreoretinal junction before PVD occurs.…”

Section: Cadaver Eyesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…1 The only cellular components of these ERMs are the GFAP-and AE1/AE3-positive cells. In view of their distinctive laminar arrangement, close association with the ILM and evidence of novel ILM production (Figure 1), we prefer the term laminocytes to describe these cells.…”

Section: Cadaver Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anecdotal evidence suggests that these membranes are relatively common particularly in the elderly; 12,13 however, the precise incidence in the normal eye, and its association with ageing and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), has not been formerly reported. Previous studies have demonstrated that the cells in simple ERMs show expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and we have linked expression of this intermediate filament with increasing cellularity and activity of these cells and the production of novel type 4 collagen, suggesting a role in remodelling of the ILM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological changes in the vitreoretinal junction 1: epiretinal membrane formation

Snead

James

Snead

2008

Eye

130

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Purpose/Background Epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation is a common change resulting in disturbance of macular vision and predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Current treatment strategies rely chiefly on surgical removal of the membranes from the surface of the retina, allowing the retina to remodel and reattach. Improved knowledge of the pathological process behind the formation of these membranes, particularly knowledge of the cell types involved in their formation, is likely to increase our understanding of the way this group of diseases behave and to improve treatment. Methods We reviewed the histological findings of 109 surgically removed specimens and correlated these to age-related changes seen in a 32 cadaver eyes studied after corneal harvesting. The samples were studied using light microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Results In all cases of idiopathic ERMs, including cellophane maculopathy, macular hole, and vitreomacular traction syndrome, laminocytes were the exclusive cell type present. In cases of macular pucker associated with retinal tears, the membranes contain variable cohesive groups of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in addition to laminocytes. In cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, membranes consist almost entirely of capillaries and hyaline stromal tissue, with or without haemosiderin pigment and RPE cells and in which laminocytes and ILM were not identified. In cadaver eyes PVD was seen in 17/32 (53%) of cases, and the vitreous was attached in 14/32 (43.7%) and in one case no vitreous was present. Isolated laminocytes were present on the retinal surface in 12/18 cases with detached vitreous and in 1/14 cases with attached vitreous. In all cases laminocytes were scanty and confined to the optic nerve head, macular or subjacent macular retina. Immunohistochemistry findings indicate that laminocytes are positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3, type II collagen, and type IV collagen. In some cases novel basement membrane formation was seen. There was a tendency for increased positivity of GFAP and AE1/AE3 with increased cellularity, and where novel basement membrane formation was present. Conclusion Laminocytes are the fundamental cell type in idiopathic ERMs. These cells are frequently found in small and dispersed numbers in eyes containing a PVD. The presence of retinal pigment cells invariable indicates proliferative retinopathy and is only seen in association with a retinal detachment or tear. Diabetic membranes are composed of neovascular stromal tissue, which is most likely to be a response to retinal hypoxia.

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Section: Cadaver Eyesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Cadaver Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological changes in the vitreoretinal junction 1: epiretinal membrane formation

Snead

James

Snead

2008

Eye

130

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“…In PVR (Table 1). 2,[11][12][13] Recent work suggests that neural elements found in PVR membranes may reflect outgrowth from the retina into the developing membrane, rather than representing retinal tissue avulsed during membrane excision. 14 In ERMs, inflammatory cells are usually abundant only when the membrane complicates intraocular inflammation (Table 1).…”

Section: Cellular Components Of Periretinal Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiology of epiretinal and subretinal membranes: possible roles for the matricellular proteins thrombospondin 1 and osteonectin (SPARC)

Hiscott

Hagan

Heathcote

et al. 2002

Eye

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“…20 However, their frequent occurrence at the vitreoretinal interface has led us to suggest that such cells (also called laminocytes) may be a normal component of the inner limiting membrane of the retina. 18 The presence of ILM components, that is, type IV collagen, and laminocytes, in the PHM of control PVD eyes confirms that, at least in some cases, vitreous detachment must occur beneath the level of the retinal ILM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rationale for membrane peeling in the repair of stage 4 macular holes

Ang

Snead

James

et al. 2005

Eye

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Aim To examine the histological and immunocytochemical characteristics of epiretinal membranes (ERM) associated with stage 4 macular holes (MH) so as to establish a vitreoretinal rationale for surgery in stage 4 MH. Method Consecutive patients with stage 4 MH undergoing vitrectomy and membrane peeling were recruited. Preoperatively, the eyes were examined for ERM formation over the macula and completeness of posterior hyaloid membrane (PHM) separation from the retina. ERM peel specimens obtained during surgery were sent for histological and immunocytochemical studies and were compared with the PHM specimens taken from a previous post-mortem study of eyes with physiological posterior vitreous detachment but without macular holes. Result A total of 13 patients with stage 4 MH fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were recruited. Preoperatively, all eyes had an ERM over the macula and incomplete separation of the PHM seen as a defect in the PHM on specular biomicroscopy. Histologically, the ERM specimens had very similar morphological characteristics to PHM, consisting of an eosinophilic membrane of varying thickness with scattered spindleshaped cells. The membranes stained positively for type IV collagen while the cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein positive. Postoperatively, successful closure of MH was achieved in all cases. Conclusion Stage 4 MH is characterised by incomplete separation of the PHM from the retina with remnants overlying the macula manifesting as ERM. Removal of the ERM is required during vitrectomy in order to relieve the tangential forces involved in the development of MH.

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Vitreoretinal juncture —Simple epiretinal membranes

Cited by 187 publications

References 17 publications

Pathological changes in the vitreoretinal junction 1: epiretinal membrane formation

Pathological changes in the vitreoretinal junction 1: epiretinal membrane formation

Pathobiology of epiretinal and subretinal membranes: possible roles for the matricellular proteins thrombospondin 1 and osteonectin (SPARC)

A rationale for membrane peeling in the repair of stage 4 macular holes

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